Modifiable factors and their association with self-reported knee function and activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine if body mass index (BMI), smoking status, prehabilitation or time to reconstruction are associated with recovery of self-reported knee function and activity after ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Data Sources: Four electronic databases were systematically searched.

Study Selection: English language articles were included if: (1) participants aged 16-70 years had primary or first revision ACLR with autograft, following complete rupture; and (2) the association between one of four modifiable factors: (1) BMI; (2) smoking; (3) prehabilitation; or (4) time to reconstruction with self-reported knee function and activity, ACL graft rupture or return to sport was evaluated.