Measurement of steroid hormones in saliva: Effects of sample storage condition.

Measurement of steroid hormones in saliva is increasingly common in elite sport settings. However, this environment may enforce handling and storage practices that introduce error in measurement of hormone concentrations. We assessed the influence of storage temperature and duration on reproducibility of salivary steroid levels.

Growth-hormone responses to consecutive exercise bouts with ingestion of carbohydrate plus protein.

Endocrine responses to repeated exercise have barely been investigated, and no data are available regarding the mediating influence of nutrition. On 3 occasions, participants ran for 90 min at 70% VO2max (R1) before a second exhaustive treadmill run at the same intensity (R2; 91.6 ± 17.

Growth Hormone Responses to Consecutive Exercise Bouts with Ingestion of Carbohydrate plus Protein.

Endocrine responses to repeated exercise have hardly been investigated and no data are available regarding the mediating influence of nutrition. On three occasions, participants ran for 90 min at 70% VO2max (R1) before a second exhaustive treadmill run at the same intensity (R2; 91.6 ± 17.

Isocaloric carbohydrate versus carbohydrate-protein ingestion and cycling time-trial performance.

This study was designed to compare the effects of energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO) and carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO) supplements on cycling time-trial performance. Twelve competitive male cyclists and triathletes each completed 2 trials in a randomized and counterbalanced order that were separated by 5-10 d and applied in a double-blind manner. Participants performed a 45-min variable-intensity exercise protocol on a cycle ergometer while ingesting either a 9% CHO solution or a mixture of 6.

Systemic indices of skeletal muscle damage and recovery of muscle function after exercise: effect of combined carbohydrate-protein ingestion.

Previous studies indicate that exercise-induced muscle damage may be attenuated when protein is included in a carbohydrate recovery supplement. This study was designed to examine systemic indices of muscle damage, inflammation, and recovery of muscle function, following strenuous exercise, with ingestion of either carbohydrate alone or a carbohydrate-protein mixture. Seventeen highly trained volunteers participated in 2 trials in a randomized order, separated by approximately 9 weeks.