Management Options of Giant Colonic Lipomas.

Colonic lipomas are rare, benign neoplasms, typically asymptomatic, and predominantly found incidentally during autopsy or routine surveillance. Symptomatic lesions are usually those greater than 2 cm in diameter while "giant" lesions are characterized as those over 4 cm. Presentations can vary from asymptomatic to more severe sequelae, including obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, or intussusception.

Rapid Adoption of an Interdisciplinary Care Team Model for Surgical Residents Managing Coronavirus Disease-19.

Patients infected with SARS-Cov-2, the causative virus behind the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, have been increasing rapidly in New York City. New York City has the highest incidence in the United States and fully 45% of all deaths from COVID-19. Our medical center is located within a high-density region of cases in south Brooklyn and, in fact, three of our neighborhood zip codes are in the top seven in New York in incidence.

Loss of signal transducer and activator of transduction 4 or 6 signaling contributes to immune cell morbidity and mortality in sepsis.

Objective: The role of signal transducer and activator of transduction (STAT) 4 vs. 6 has been assessed thus far only in a model of high mortality strongly driven by proinflammation alone. Their role in a low-mortality (LD25) model of sepsis remains unclear.

Inhibition of CD1d activation suppresses septic mortality: a role for NK-T cells in septic immune dysfunction.

Background: Studies indicate that following septic insult there is development of generalized immune dysfunction in T cells, B cells and phagocytes, which is thought to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Specifically, there is a shift in the lymphocytes of septic animals toward an increased release of Th2 cytokines. NK-T cells have been shown to contribute to propagation of the Th2 response.

PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNE SUPPRESSIVE RESPONSE IN SEPSIS AND SHOCK.

Despite the recent advances in contemporary therapeutic, operative as well as supportive care sepsis and its associated co-morbidity/mortality are still a common occurrence in the critically ill trauma/surgical patient. Thus, it remains important to continue to expand our understanding of pathological components which drive the development of immune dysfunction contributing to subsequent multiple organ failure. Here we overview some of the immuno-pathological processes, cells and mediators which may play a role in the development of this immune dysfunctional condition.