A One Health Genomic Investigation of Gentamicin Resistance in Escherichia coli from Human and Chicken Sources in Canada, 2014 to 2017.

We investigated whether gentamicin resistance (Gen) in Escherichia coli isolates from human infections was related to Gen E. coli in chicken and whether resistance may be due to coselection from use of lincomycin-spectinomycin in chickens on farms. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 483 Gen E.

One Health Genomic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase‒Producing Salmonella enterica, Canada, 2012‒2016.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, a major class of clinical antimicrobial drugs. We used genomic analysis to investigate whether domestic food animals, retail meat, and pets were reservoirs of ESBL-producing Salmonella for human infection in Canada. Of 30,303 Salmonella isolates tested during 2012-2016, we detected 95 ESBL producers.

A One-Health Genomic Investigation of Gentamicin Resistance in Salmonella from Human and Chicken Sources in Canada, 2014 to 2017.

We investigated whether the increased prevalence of gentamicin resistance in Salmonella from human infections was related to a similar increased prevalence in isolates from broiler chickens and whether this increase may have been due to coselection from use of lincomycin-spectinomycin in chickens on farms. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on gentamicin-resistant (Gen) Salmonella isolates from human and chicken sources collected from 2014 to 2017 by the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). We determined the genomic relatedness of strains and characterized resistance genes and plasmids.

Genomic Investigation of the Emergence of Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin in Humans and Animals in Canada.

subsp. serovar Dublin is a zoonotic pathogen that often leads to invasive bloodstream infections in humans that are multidrug resistant. Described here are the results of Canadian national surveillance of Dublin from 2003 to 2015 in humans and bovines, principally collected through the Canadian Integrated Program for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS).

Characterization of a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:- harbouring mcr-3.2 on a variant IncHI-2 plasmid identified in Canada.

We have identified a Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- containing a mcr-3.2 in a patient who travelled to Thailand 1 month prior to the identification of it in Canada. The isolate was multidrug resistant, but remained susceptible to the carbapenems, amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam.

Antimicrobial use surveillance in broiler chicken flocks in Canada, 2013-2015.

There is a paucity of data on the reason for and the quantity of antimicrobials used in broiler chickens in Canada. To address this, the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) implemented surveillance of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in broiler chicken flocks in 2013. Shortly after this (2014), the poultry industry banned the preventive use of ceftiofur in broiler chickens.

A Novel Hybrid Plasmid Carrying Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin.

Virulence plasmids and antibiotic resistance plasmids are usually maintained separately in spp.; however, we report an instance of a hybrid plasmid (pN13-01125) in serovar Dublin. Review of the complete sequence of the 172,265-bp plasmid suggests that pN13-01125 is comprised of the previously described pSDVr and pSH696_135 plasmids and that the mechanism of hybridization likely involves IS (IS) insertion sequence elements.

Contamination of Canadian private drinking water sources with antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli.

Background: Surface and ground water across the world, including North America, is contaminated with bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The consumption of water contaminated with antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been associated with the carriage of resistant E.

Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from retail milk-fed veal meat from Southern Ontario, Canada.

This study estimated the prevalence of Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail milk-fed veal scallopini pieces obtained from grocery stores in Ontario, Canada. In addition, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. One hundred fifty-three milk-fed veal samples were collected over the course of two sampling phases, January to May 2004 and November 2004 to January 2005.

Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli isolated from retail grain-fed veal meat from Southern Ontario, Canada.

This study estimated the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail grain-fed veal obtained in Ontario, Canada. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. Veal samples (n = 528) were collected from February 2003 through May 2004.

Antimicrobial use in the Alberta sheep industry.

Information regarding antimicrobial use in sheep is scarce. In 2001, a scrapie surveillance program was initiated in Alberta that also provided a mechanism for collecting other sheep health data including antimicrobial use information between April 2001 and April 2002. A major objective of this study was to describe antimicrobial use in the Alberta sheep industry.

Antimicrobial resistance in generic fecal Escherichia coli from 29 beef farms in Ontario.

The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli can serve as an indicator of the pool of resistance genes potentially available for transfer to pathogenic organisms. This study was conducted on 29 volunteer beef farms in Ontario to describe the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli, and to describe changes in the prevalence of resistance during the feedlot stage of production.

Antimicrobial use on 24 beef farms in Ontario.

Understanding risk factors for antimicrobial resistance requires knowledge of antimicrobial selection pressure. The objectives of this research were to develop methodology for collecting quantitative antimicrobial use information from beef producers in Ontario, to document the types and quantities of antimicrobials reported (for a minimum of 12 mo), and to compare 2 metrics for injectable use reporting. Twenty-four volunteer beef producers were asked to complete a questionnaire, document drug use in a treatment diary, and retain empty medication containers.