Validation of the Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) score to assess healing of rickets in pediatric X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).

Background: Rickets is a primary manifestation of pediatric X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) - a rare progressive hereditary phosphate-wasting disease. Severity is quantified from radiographs using the Rickets Severity Scale (RSS). The Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) is a complementary assessment in which a change score is assigned based on differences in the appearance of rickets on pairs of radiographs compared side by side.

Pediatric nonaccidental abdominal trauma: what the radiologist should know.

Abdominal injury in nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is an increasingly recognized cause of hospitalization in abused children. Abdominal injuries in NAT are often severe and have high rates of surgical intervention. Certain imaging findings in the pediatric abdomen, notably bowel perforation and pancreatic injury, should alert the radiologist to possible abuse and incite close interrogation concerning the reported mechanism of injury.

Acute rib fracture diagnosis in an infant by US: a matter of child protection.

Rib fractures in infants and children are highly specific for inflicted injury in the absence of a major accidental injury or underlying bone disorder. We present a 9-week-old infant diagnosed with an acute rib fracture by US at the site where physicians palpated chest wall crepitus when no rib fractures had been visualized on the skeletal survey, including oblique views of the ribs. Based on the US diagnosis of the acute rib fracture the infant was taken into protective custody.

Adenomyotic cyst of the uterus in an adolescent.

Cystic adenomyosis is a rare form of adenomyosis of the uterine myometrium that has been described in older adults. This condition has not previously been reported in the pediatric radiology literature. In this case report, we describe an adenomyotic cyst in an adolescent girl that was imaged with US, CT, and MR and proved by surgical pathology.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the skin and subcutaneous tissues; the first manifestation of disease in a 6-month-old infant: a case report with literature review.

Leukemic infiltrate involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue was the first manifestation of disease in a 6-month-old female infant. Knowledge of age-related distribution patterns of the red (cellular) and yellow (fatty) marrow is crucial for the interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Diffusely decreased signal intensity throughout the bone marrow on the T1-weighted images specifically involving the epiphyseal ossification centers in infants 6 months after their appearance should be suggestive of a marrow infiltrative/replacement process.