Breast ultrasound knobology and the knobology of twinkling for marker detection.

Breast ultrasound utilizes various scanning techniques to acquire optimal images for diagnostic evaluation. During interventional procedures, such as ultrasound-guided biopsies or preoperative localizations, knowledgeable and purposeful scanning adjustments are critical for successfully identifying the targeted mass or biopsy marker or clip. While most ultrasound scanning parameters are similar across different vendors, detailed descriptions specifically addressing the scanning parameters-often referred to as "knobology"- for breast ultrasound is at best limited in the literature.

Taxonomy of Tobrilidae species from the Alkaline Lakes of the western Nebraska Sandhills.

Six distinct COI mitochondrial Haplotype Groups (HG) are morphologically, ecologically, and genetically characterized from the aquatic nematode family Tobrilidae. Collection locations included the extreme habitats of the Alkaline Lakes in the western Nebraska Sandhills and the contaminated stream, Johnson Creek, bordering the AltEn 2021 catastrophic pesticide release near the village of Mead in eastern Nebraska. Maximum likelihood and genetic distance metrics supported the genetic integrity of the haplotype groups.

Immunologic and Genetic Contributors to CD46-Dependent Immune Dysregulation.

Mutations in CD46 predispose to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) with low penetrance. Factors driving immune-dysregulatory disease in individual mutation carriers have remained ill-understood. In addition to its role as a negative regulator of the complement system, CD46 modifies T cell-intrinsic metabolic adaptation and cytokine production.

Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency associated with monoallelic LIG4 mutations via haploinsufficiency.

Background: Biallelic mutations in LIG4 encoding DNA-ligase 4 cause a rare immunodeficiency syndrome manifesting as infant-onset life-threatening and/or opportunistic infections, skeletal malformations, radiosensitivity and neoplasia. LIG4 is pivotal during DNA repair and during V(D)J recombination as it performs the final DNA-break sealing step.

Objectives: This study explored whether monoallelic LIG4 missense mutations may underlie immunodeficiency and autoimmunity with autosomal dominant inheritance.

A decade of arteriovenous fistula creations in the ⩾75 years population: Equal opportunity or sub-optimal use of resources.

Background: The optimal vascular access in the elderly remains contentious in the context of increasingly limited resources and anticipated survival on hemodialysis. Research focus has shifted to include the impact of vascular access on quality of life. This study explored clinical outcomes in individuals aged ⩾75 years who had an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) created in a single center over a 10-year period.

of the Prairie: A Case Study of Taxonomic Resolution from a Nematode Biodiversity Survey.

Taxonomic resolution is a critical component of biodiversity assessments. In this case study, we examined a single taxon within a larger study of nematode diversity to evaluate the taxonomic resolution of different diversity assessment methods. The selected taxon was the microbial-feeding genus , a group considered to include multiple cosmopolitan species.

Influence of inter-aquifer leakage on well-injection capacity: Theory and aquifer-scale mapping for artificial recharge.

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is an important water resources management technique that involves the injection of a large volume of water underground. For the successful implementation of an ASR project, a target aquifer should have a sufficient injection capacity, which is the maximum volume of water that can be safely injected. In nature, no aquitard is perfectly impermeable, and inter-aquifer leakage may have a major impact on injection capacity.

, a new nematode species (Pratylenchidae: Tylenchomorpha) from the Great Plains region of North America.

is a new species of root-lesion nematode described from corn-soybean production fields in the Central Great Plains of North America. It is characterized by populations with relatively abundant males, two lip annuli, females with a round functional spermatheca and a conoid to subcylindrical tail with a non-crenate, smooth terminus. In host preference tests, corn and wheat produce the largest nematode populations, whereas sorghum and soybeans produce less than 20% the numbers observed on corn.

Spontaneous and Fungicide-Induced Genomic Variation in .

Stress from exposure to sublethal fungicide doses may cause genomic instability in fungal plant pathogens, which may accelerate the emergence of fungicide resistance or other adaptive traits. In a previous study, five strains of were exposed to sublethal doses of four fungicides with different modes of action, and genotyping showed that such exposure induced mutations. The goal of the present study was to characterize genome-wide mutations in response to sublethal fungicide stress in and study the effect of genomic background on the mutational repertoire.

Nematode biodiversity assessments need vouchered databases: A BOLD reference library for plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Criconematoidea.

Nematodes are frequently cited as underrepresented in faunistic surveys using DNA barcoding with COI. This underrepresentation is generally attributed to a limited presence of nematodes in DNA databases which, in turn, is often ascribed to structural variability and high evolutionary rates in nematode mitochondrial genomes. Empirical evidence, however, indicates that many taxa are readily amplified with primer sets specifically targeted to different nematode families.

SDHA gain-of-function engages inflammatory mitochondrial retrograde signaling via KEAP1-Nrf2.

Whether screening the metabolic activity of immune cells facilitates discovery of molecular pathology remains unknown. Here we prospectively screened the extracellular acidification rate as a measure of glycolysis and the oxygen consumption rate as a measure of mitochondrial respiration in B cells from patients with primary antibody deficiency. The highest oxygen consumption rate values were detected in three study participants with persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis (PPBL).

DNA barcoding evidence for the North American presence of alfalfa cyst nematode, .

Specimens of have been collected from alfalfa fields in Kearny County, Kansas & Carbon County, Montana. DNA barcoding with the COI mitochondrial gene indicate that the species is not , soybean cyst nematode, , sugar beet cyst nematode, or , clover cyst nematode. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees show that the alfalfa specimens form a sister clade most closely related to , with a 4.

Discovery and Identification of Species Using COI DNA Barcoding.

DNA barcoding with a new cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 primer set generated a 721 to 724 bp fragment used for the identification of 322 Meloidogyne specimens, including 205 new sequences combined with 117 from GenBank. A maximum likelihood analysis grouped the specimens into 19 well-supported clades and four single-specimen lineages. The "major" tropical apomictic species ( Meloidogyne arenaria , Meloidogyne incognita , Meloidogyne javanica ) were not discriminated by this barcode although some closely related species such as Meloidogyne konaensis were characterized by fixed diagnostic nucleotides.

MAP kinases associate with high molecular weight multiprotein complexes.

Plant responses to the environment and developmental processes are mediated by a complex signaling network. The Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK3 and MPK6 and their orthologs in other plants are shared signal transducers that respond to many developmental and environmental signals and thus represent highly connected hubs in the cellular signaling network. In animals, specific MAPK signaling complexes are assembled which enable input-specific protein-protein interactions and thus specific signaling outcomes.

An 18S rDNA Perspective on the Classification of Criconematoidea.

In the nematode family Criconematidae, a taxonomy primarily based on cuticle characters has created classifications that are notoriously volatile. Molecular characters may lead to their stabilization. A phylogenetic tree of Criconematoidea was constructed using 166 new near full-length 18S rDNA sequences and 58 sequences from GenBank.

Description and Distribution of Three Criconematid Nematodes from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Populations of Criconemoides parvus , Discocriconemella hengsungica , and Discocriconemella limitanea , isolated in Hangzhou, China from the rhizosphere soil of woody perennials were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The morphometric data of the Chinese populations were compared with populations from other regions of the world. DNA barcoding with the mitochondrial COI gene confirmed conspecificity of Chinese and Costa Rican populations of D.

Species Delimitation and Description of n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae), a Morphologically Cryptic, Parthenogenetic Species from North American Grasslands.

Nematode surveys of North American grasslands conducted from 2010 to 2015 frequently recovered a species of criconematid nematode morphologically resembling . These specimens were recovered from remnant native prairies in the central tallgrass ecoregion of North America, and not from surrounding agroecosystems. Historical records indicate that is a cosmopolitan species feeding on a wide range of agronomic and native plants.

Generalized Comedones, Acne, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa in a Patient with an Missense Mutation.

Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor-receptor gene 2 () gene have been implicated in numerous diseases, including nevus comedonicus (NC) and naevoid acne that have somatic missense mutations in in the affected tissue. A patient presented in our department with unusual, innumerable large comedones throughout his back reminiscient of NC, as well as multifocal hidradenitis suppurativa and acne. Topical and systemic treatments were unsuccessful.

Variation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Bean Isolates from Multisite Resistance Screening Locations.

There is no complete resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, cause of white mold in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Variable resistance expression is one problem in screening for improved white mold resistance. With no previous information in the literature, pathogen variation in multisite screening nurseries was evaluated as one cause of diverse resistance expression.

MOTUs, Morphology, and Biodiversity Estimation: A Case Study Using Nematodes of the Suborder Criconematina and a Conserved 18S DNA Barcode.

DNA barcodes are increasingly used to provide an estimate of biodiversity for small, cryptic organisms like nematodes. Nucleotide sequences generated by the barcoding process are often grouped, based on similarity, into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). In order to get a better understanding of the taxonomic resolution of a 3' 592-bp 18S rDNA barcode, we have analyzed 100 MOTUs generated from 214 specimens in the nematode suborder Criconematina.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Discocriconemella inarata, an endemic nematode from north american native tallgrass prairies.

Discocriconemella inarata, a plant parasitic nematode species originally discovered in a virgin tallgrass prairie in northwest Iowa, was re-examined by molecular and morphological analyses of topotype material. This species has never been recorded in cultivated fields and could potentially serve as an indicator for high quality prairie habitats. DNA sequence from a conserved 3' portion of the 18S ribosomal gene exhibited an identical match between D.