Influence of diffusion weighted imaging and contrast enhanced T1 sequences on the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance enterography for Crohn's disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the additional diagnostic benefit of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and contrast enhanced (CE) images during MR enterography (MRE) of Crohn's disease.

Methods: Datasets from 73 patients (mean age 32; 40 male) (28 new-diagnosis, 45 relapsed) were read independently by two radiologists selected from a pool of 13. Radiologists interpreted datasets using three sequential sequence blocks: (1) T2 weighted and steady state free precession gradient echo (SSFP) images alone (T2^); (2) T2 weighted and SSFP images with DWI (T2 + DWI^) and; (3) T2 weighted images, SSFP, DWI and post-contrast enhanced (CE) T1 images (T2 + DWI + CE^), documenting presence, location, and activity of small bowel disease.

Interobserver variation in the interpretation of magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn's disease.

Objectives: To evaluate interobserver variability for diagnosis of disease presence and extent of small bowel and colonic Crohn's disease using MR enterography (MRE).

Methods: Data from the first 73 consecutive patients (mean age 32, 33F, 28 new diagnosis, 45 suspected relapse) recruited to a multicentre, prospective diagnostic accuracy trial evaluating MRE for small bowel Crohn's disease were each read independently by three (from a pool of 20) radiologists. Radiologists documented presence and segmental location of small bowel Crohn's disease and recorded morphological mural/extramural parameters for involved segments.

Colorectal Cancer: Performance and Evaluation for CT Colonography Screening- A Multicenter Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Most radiologists reporting CT colonography (CTC) do not undergo compulsory performance accreditation, potentially lowering diagnostic sensitivity. Purpose To determine whether 1-day individualized training in CTC reporting improves diagnostic sensitivity of experienced radiologists for 6-mm or larger lesions, the durability of any improvement, and any associated factors. Materials and Methods This prospective, multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial was performed in National Health Service hospitals in England and Wales between April 2017 and January 2020.

Nonlaxative PET/CT colonography: feasibility, acceptability, and pilot performance in patients at higher risk of colonic neoplasia.

Unlabelled: CT colonography without bowel preparation is a safer and better-tolerated alternative to full laxation protocols, but comparative sensitivity and specificity are potentially reduced. Uptake of (18)F-FDG by colonic neoplasia is well described, and combining PET with nonlaxative CT colonography could improve accuracy. The purpose was to prospectively test the technical feasibility and acceptability of combined nonlaxative PET/CT colonography in patients at higher risk of colorectal neoplasia and to provide pilot data on diagnostic performance.

MR enterographic manifestations of small bowel Crohn disease.

Magnetic resonance (MR) enterography is a clinically useful technique for the evaluation of both intraluminal and extraluminal small bowel disease, particularly in younger patients with Crohn disease. MR enterography offers the advantages of multiplanar capability and lack of ionizing radiation. It allows evaluation of bowel wall contrast enhancement, wall thickening, and edema, findings useful for the assessment of Crohn disease activity.

Compulsive hoarding: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Background: This project aimed to explore the experiences of people who compulsively hoard and how they make sense of their own hoarding behaviours.

Method: A total of 11 compulsive hoarders were recruited and interviewed using a simple semi-structured interview format, designed for the purposes of the study. The resulting transcribed interviews were analyzed using interpretive-phenomenological analysis.

Mural inflammation in Crohn disease: location-matched histologic validation of MR imaging features.

Purpose: To validate proposed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Crohn disease activity against a histopathologic reference.

Materials And Methods: Ethical permission was given by the University College London hospital ethics committee, and informed written consent was obtained from all participants. Preoperative MR imaging was performed in 18 consecutive patients with Crohn disease undergoing elective small-bowel resection.

Mural Crohn disease: correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging findings with angiogenesis and inflammation at histologic examination--pilot study.

Purpose: To determine mural perfusion dynamics in Crohn disease by using dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to correlate these with histopathologic markers of inflammation and angiogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Ethical permission was given by the University College London Hospital ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Eleven consecutive patients with Crohn disease (eight female patients, three men; mean age, 39.

CT colonography and computer-aided detection: effect of false-positive results on reader specificity and reading efficiency in a low-prevalence screening population.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the effect of increasing numbers of computer-aided detection (CAD)-generated false-positive (FP) marks on reader specificity and reporting times by using computed tomographic (CT) colonography in a low-prevalence screening population.

Materials And Methods: Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Four readers each read 48 data sets (26 men, 22 women; mean age, 57 years) from a screening population (three containing polyps) without CAD application, followed by review of the CAD output and recorded findings and diagnostic confidence.

Investigating perianal pain of uncertain cause.

This article explores the radiological investigations available to diagnose perianal pain of unknown cause, with particular reference to perianal sepsis

Paediatric CT: the effects of increasing image noise on pulmonary nodule detection.

Background: A radiation dose of any magnitude can produce a detrimental effect manifesting as an increased risk of cancer. Cancer development may be delayed for many years following radiation exposure. Minimizing radiation dose in children is particularly important.

CT colonography: optimisation, diagnostic performance and patient acceptability of reduced-laxative regimens using barium-based faecal tagging.

To establish the optimum barium-based reduced-laxative tagging regimen prior to CT colonography (CTC). Ninety-five subjects underwent reduced-laxative (13 g senna/18 g magnesium citrate) CTC prior to same-day colonoscopy and were randomised to one of four tagging regimens using 20 ml 40%w/v barium sulphate: regimen A: four doses, B: three doses, C: three doses plus 220 ml 2.1% barium sulphate, or D: three doses plus 15 ml diatriazoate megluamine.

Heated tumour cells of autologous and allogeneic origin elicit anti-tumour immunity.

Vaccination with established tumour cell lines may circumvent the problem of obtaining autologous tumour cells from patients, but may also need immunological adjuvants. Up-regulation of heat shock proteins within tumour cell vaccines has resulted in increased immunogenicity in some models, but this has yet to be demonstrated for allogeneic (MHC-disparate) cell vaccines. This was investigated here using a rat model for prostate tumour cell vaccination.