The implementation of embedded researchers in policy, public services, and commercial settings: a systematic evidence and gap map.

Background: Embedding researchers into policy and other settings may enhance research capacity within organisations to enable them to become more research active. We aimed to generate an evidence map on evaluations of embedded researcher interventions to (i) identify where systematic reviews and primary research are needed and (ii) develop conceptual understandings of 'embedded researchers'. We define 'embedded researchers' through a set of principles that incorporate elements such as the aim of activities, the types of relationships and learning involved, and the affiliations and identities adopted.

Understanding structure activity relationships of Good HEPES lipids for lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccine applications.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown great promise as delivery vehicles to transport messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) into cells and act as vaccines for infectious diseases including COVID-19 and influenza. The ionizable lipid incorporated within the LNP is known to be one of the main driving factors for potency and tolerability. Herein, we describe a novel family of ionizable lipids synthesized with a piperazine core derived from the HEPES Good buffer.

Pan-SARS neutralizing responses after third boost vaccination in non-human primate immunogenicity model.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially Beta and Delta, has raised concerns about the reduced protection from previous infection or vaccination based on the original Wuhan-Hu-1 (D614) virus. To identify promising regimens for inducing neutralizing titers towards new variants, we evaluated monovalent and bivalent mRNA vaccines either as primary vaccination or as a booster in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Two mRNA vaccines, D614-based MRT5500 and Beta-based MRT5500β, tested in sequential regimens or as a bivalent combination in naïve NHPs produced modest neutralizing titers to heterologous variants.

Development of multivalent mRNA vaccine candidates for seasonal or pandemic influenza.

Recent approval of mRNA vaccines for emergency use against COVID-19 is likely to promote rapid development of mRNA-based vaccines targeting a wide range of infectious diseases. Compared to conventional approaches, this vaccine modality promises comparable potency while substantially accelerating the pace of development and deployment of vaccine doses. Already demonstrated successfully for single antigen vaccines such as for COVID-19, this technology could be optimized for complex multi-antigen vaccines.

Immunogenicity and efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine MRT5500 in preclinical animal models.

Emergency use authorization of COVID vaccines has brought hope to mitigate pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there remains a need for additional effective vaccines to meet the global demand and address the potential new viral variants. mRNA technologies offer an expeditious path alternative to traditional vaccine approaches.

The impacts of the global gag rule on global health: a scoping review.

Background: The 1984 Mexico City Policy is a U.S. federal policy that has prohibited foreign nongovernmental organizations that receive U.

The phenotypic spectrum of SCN8A encephalopathy.

Objective: SCN8A encodes the sodium channel voltage-gated α8-subunit (Nav1.6). SCN8A mutations have recently been associated with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Dipstick urinalysis for the emergency department evaluation of urinary tract infections in infants aged less than 2 years.

Background: The clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants under the age of 2 years is challenging because of the nonspecific symptoms and signs in this age group. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is critical, and although dipstick testing allows rapid testing, there is some doubt about its use in infants. We sought to show the use of the dipstick test in identifying or excluding UTI in infants under the age of 2 years presenting to the emergency department with a febrile illness.

A critical analysis of ecosystem services as a tool in conservation projects: the possible perils, the promises,and the partnerships.

Human modifications of the environment are growing in number and geographic extent, expanding to all of the Earth's surfaces and affecting the vast majority of the Earth's natural resources. Increases in demand for resources, growing levels of poverty, and more extensive urbanization, among other changes, lead to a need to move beyond parks and classic conservation approaches to incorporate humans and working landscapes more directly in conservation efforts. One approach to do this is to focus on ecosystem services, the benefits ecosystems provide to humans.

Assessment of clotrimazole gels for in vitro stability and in vivo retention in the frontal sinus of dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the stability and retention of viscous formulations of the antifungal drug clotrimazole in vitro and to evaluate retention times, absorption, and histologic response to these compounds when placed in the frontal sinus of dogs.

Animals: 6 male Beagles.

Procedures: 1% clotrimazole gels were formulated with hydroxypropyl cellulose, poloxamer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium bases.

Field evidence that ecosystem service projects support biodiversity and diversify options.

Ecosystem service approaches to conservation are being championed as a new strategy for conservation, under the hypothesis that they will broaden and deepen support for biodiversity protection. Where traditional approaches focus on setting aside land by purchasing property rights, ecosystem service approaches aim to engage a much wider range of places, people, policies, and financial resources in conservation. This is particularly important given projected intensification of human impacts, with rapid growth in population size and individual aspirations.

Vehicle effects on in vitro transdermal absorption of sevoflurane in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

The experimental objectives were to identify a vehicle which produces a homogenous formulation when combined with the anesthetic solution sevoflurane and understand the dermal absorption of sevoflurane in silastic membranes and amphibian skin in vitro utilizing a flow-through diffusion system. Seven vehicles were evaluated in varying ratios with 5 formulations resulting in the desired homogenous consistency for practical application. Sevoflurane diffusion across silastic membranes was influenced by pluronic/lecithin organogel (PLO), pluronic F 127 20% gel, and sterile lube.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide after oral administration to horses.

Furosemide is the most common diuretic drug used in horses. Furosemide is routinely administered as IV or IM bolus doses 3-4 times a day. Administration PO is often suggested as an alternative, even though documentation of absorption and efficacy in horses is lacking.

Characterizing the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oral propoxyphene in non-drug-abusing volunteers.

Background: The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a widely prescribed prescription opioid, propoxyphene, have not been studied in a population of non-drug-abusing people. The drug also has potential for abuse and it was of interest in the present study to determine if the drug had any abuse liability-related subjective effects in this population.

Methods: Eighteen volunteers participated in a crossover, randomized, double-blind study in which they received, all p.

Calpain inhibitors protect against axonal degeneration in a model of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated motor nerve terminal injury.

Miller Fisher syndrome-associated anti-GQ1b ganglioside antibodies produce an acute complement-dependent neuroexocytic effect at the mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that closely resembles the effect of alpha-latrotoxin (LTx). This pathophysiological effect is accompanied by morphological disruption of the nerve terminal involving the loss of major cytoskeletal components, including neurofilament. Both LTx and the membrane attack complex of complement form membrane pores that allow free ionic movement and we have previously hypothesized that Ca2+ ingress and the subsequent activation of Ca2+-dependent proteases, calpains, may lead to substrate degradation resulting in structural disorganization of the terminal.