This study examines how the Wim Hof Method (WHM) compares to slow breathing in managing stress and depressive symptoms in women with high stress levels.
84 midlife women were randomly assigned to either the WHM group, which involved specific breathing techniques and cold exposure, or a control group practicing slow-paced breathing and warm showers over three weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Both groups reported significant reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms immediately after the intervention and at a 3-month follow-up, but participants in the WHM group had lower retention rates, suggesting differences in perceived credibility and expected benefits of the interventions.