Decreased number of CD19CD24CD38 regulatory B cells in Diabetic nephropathy.

Regulatory B cells participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. This study aimed to examine the putative contribution of regulatory B cells to the pathogenesis of DN. The number of circulating CD19CD24CD38 B cells, CD19CD24CD38CD5 B cells, and CD19CD24CD38IL-10 B cells were significantly lower in DN patients (p < 0.

Cytogenetic characterization of the malignant primitive neuroectodermal SK-PN-DW tumor cell line.

Background: The SK-PN-DW cell line was established in 1979 and is commercially available. Despite the use of this cell line as an in vitro model for functional and therapeutic studies of malignant primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), there is a lack of complete information about the genetic alterations that are present at the cytogenetic level. Thus, the current study aimed to characterize the cytogenetic profile of this cell line.

Coexistence of t(2;14;11)(p16.1;q32;q23) and t(14;19)(q32;q13.3) chromosome translocations in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report.

Rationale: With combination of multiple techniques, we have successfully characterized unique, complex chromosomal changes in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a lymphoproliferative disorder.

Diagnoses: The diagnosis was based on white blood cell, flow cytometry, and immunophenotypes and confirmed by karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and array comparative genomic hybridization from the patient's blood culture.

Interventions: The patient was given fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) for 6 cycles.

Increased soluble ST2 and IL‑4 serum levels are associated with disease severity in patients with membranous nephropathy.

The interleukin (IL)‑33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) axis regulates Th2 reactivity, and ST2 is the receptor for IL‑33. In this study, the roles of IL‑33 and soluble ST2 (sST2) in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy (MN), and their association with disease severity were evaluated. Serum levels of IL‑33 and sST2 in 93 patients, and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were measured by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays.

Higher frequencies of circulating ICOS, IL-21 T follicular helper cells and plasma cells in patients with new-onset membranous nephropathy.

Background: T follicular helper (TFH) cells and B cells are known to regulate humoral immune responses. This study is aimed at examining the putative contribution of different subsets of circulating of TFH cells and B cells to membranous nephropathy (MN).

Methods: A total of 45 MN patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were examined for the number of TFH cells and B cells by flow cytometry.

Serum Levels of Soluble ST2 and IL-10 Are Associated with Disease Severity in Patients with IgA Nephropathy.

. The IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in humoral immune responses. .

A higher frequency of IL-10-producing B cells in Hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the potential role of interleukin (IL)-10(+) regulatory B cells and other B cell subsets in the development of hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). A total of 14 patients with new onset HBV-MN, 12 individuals with immune-tolerant HBV infection (HBV-IT), and 12 healthy controls (HC) were examined for the percentages of CD38(+) , CD86(+) , CD27(+) , CD95(+) and IL-10(+) B cells by flow cytometry. Serum IL-10 concentration was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

A higher frequency of CD4(+)CXCR5(+) T follicular helper cells in patients with newly diagnosed Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis.

T follicular helper (TFH) cells play an important role in the humoral immune responses. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of different subsets of CD4(+)CXCR5(+) TFH cells and B cells in patients with new-onset Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The numbers of different subsets of CD4(+)CXCR5(+) TFH cells, B cells and the constituents of serum cytokines were detected in a total of 25 patients with newly diagnosed HSPN before and after treatment, and in 14 healthy controls (HC).

Evaluation of Selected Borrelia burgdorferi lp54 Plasmid-Encoded Gene Products Expressed during Mammalian Infection as Antigens To Improve Serodiagnostic Testing for Early Lyme Disease.

Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of Lyme disease is performed primarily by serologic assays and is accurate for detection beyond the acute stage of the infection. Serodiagnostic assays to detect the early stages of infection, however, are limited in their sensitivity, and improvement is warranted. We analyzed a series of Borrelia burgdorferi proteins known to be induced within feeding ticks and/or during mammalian infection for their utility as serodiagnostic markers against a comprehensive panel of Lyme disease patient serum samples.

MadR1, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell cycle stress response protein that is a member of a widely conserved protein class of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and archeal origin.

Stress-induced molecular programs designed to stall division progression are nearly ubiquitous in bacteria, with one well-known example being the participation of the SulA septum inhibiting protein in the SOS DNA damage repair response. Mycobacteria similarly demonstrate stress-altered growth kinetics, however no such regulators have been found in these organisms. We therefore set out to identify SulA-like regulatory proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

MazF6 toxin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis demonstrates antitoxin specificity and is coupled to regulation of cell growth by a Soj-like protein.

Background: Molecular programs employed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for the establishment of non-replicating persistence (NRP) are poorly understood. In order to investigate mechanisms regulating entry into NRP, we asked how cell cycle regulation is linked to downstream adaptations that ultimately result in NRP. Based on previous reports and our recent studies, we reason that, in order to establish NRP, cells are halted in the cell cycle at the point of septum formation by coupled regulatory mechanisms.

Updating and curating metabolic pathways of TB.

The sequencing of complete genomes has accelerated biomedical research by providing information about the overall coding capacity of bacterial chromosomes. The original TB annotation resulted in putative functional assignment of ∼60% of the genes to specific metabolic functions, however, the other 40% of the encoded ORFs where annotated as conserved hypothetical proteins, hypothetical proteins or encoding proteins of unknown function. The TB research community is now at the beginning of the next phases of post-genomics; namely reannotation and functional characterization by targeted experimentation.

A common mechanism of inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway by isoxyl and thiacetazone.

Isoxyl (ISO) and thiacetazone (TAC), two prodrugs once used in the clinical treatment of tuberculosis, have long been thought to abolish Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) growth through the inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis, but their respective targets in this pathway have remained elusive. Here we show that treating M.

The structure-activity relationship of urea derivatives as anti-tuberculosis agents.

The treatment of tuberculosis is becoming more difficult due to the ever increasing prevalence of drug resistance. Thus, it is imperative that novel anti-tuberculosis agents, with unique mechanisms of action, be discovered and developed. The direct anti-tubercular testing of a small compound library led to discovery of adamantyl urea hit compound 1.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis septum site determining protein, Ssd encoded by rv3660c, promotes filamentation and elicits an alternative metabolic and dormancy stress response.

Background: Proteins that are involved in regulation of cell division and cell cycle progression remain undefined in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, there is a growing appreciation that regulation of cell replication at the point of division is important in establishing a non-replicating persistent state. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to use a systematic approach consisting of consensus-modeling bioinformatics, ultrastructural analysis, and transcriptional mapping to identify septum regulatory proteins that participate in adaptive metabolic responses in M.