Digital Breast Tomosynthesis versus Digital Mammography Screening Performance on Successive Screening Rounds from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.

Background Prior cross-sectional studies have observed that breast cancer screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has a lower recall rate and higher cancer detection rate compared with digital mammography (DM). Purpose To evaluate breast cancer screening outcomes with DBT versus DM on successive screening rounds. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data from 58 breast imaging facilities in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium were collected.

Are adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a greater risk of developing depression? Integrative literature review.

Background: The aim of this integrative literature review was to investigate the prevalence of depression in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within Europe and to examine the link between adults with type 2 diabetes and the risk of developing depression.

Methods: An integrative literature review using the databases CINAHL, Medline and PsycInfo to retrieve the most relevant articles on adults with type 2 diabetes and the risk of developing depression.

Results: Gender, age and socio-economic status may increase the risk of an adult with type 2 diabetes developing depression.

Screening Performance of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis vs Digital Mammography in Community Practice by Patient Age, Screening Round, and Breast Density.

Importance: Digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) are used for routine breast cancer screening. There is minimal evidence on performance outcomes by age, screening round, and breast density in community practice.

Objective: To compare DM vs DBT performance by age, baseline vs subsequent screening round, and breast density category.

Clinical Evaluation of an Individualized Risk Prediction Tool for Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To determine whether providing individualized predictions of health outcomes to men on active surveillance (AS) alleviates cancer-related anxiety and improves risk understanding.

Materials And Methods: We consecutively recruited men from our large, institutional AS program before (n = 36) and after (n = 31) implementation of a risk prediction tool. Men in both groups were surveyed before and after their regular visits to assess their perceived cancer control, biopsy-specific anxiety, and burden from cancer-related information.

A Bayesian hierarchical model for prediction of latent health states from multiple data sources with application to active surveillance of prostate cancer.

In this article, we present a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting a latent health state from longitudinal clinical measurements. Model development is motivated by the need to integrate multiple sources of data to improve clinical decisions about whether to remove or irradiate a patient's prostate cancer. Existing modeling approaches are extended to accommodate measurement error in cancer state determinations based on biopsied tissue, clinical measurements possibly not missing at random, and informative partial observation of the true state.

Estimating effectiveness in HIV prevention trials with a Bayesian hierarchical compound Poisson frailty model.

Inconsistent results in recent HIV prevention trials of pre-exposure prophylactic interventions may be due to heterogeneity in risk among study participants. Intervention effectiveness is most commonly estimated with the Cox model, which compares event times between populations. When heterogeneity is present, this population-level measure underestimates intervention effectiveness for individuals who are at risk.