Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with fractional one-fifth and one-half doses of yellow fever vaccine compared to full dose in children 9-23 months old in Uganda, 2019-2020 - Preliminary report.

Background: In 2016, the World Health Organization recommended that a fractional dose of yellow fever (YF) vaccine could be used in persons 2 years of age or older in response to an emergency that resulted in a global shortage of available YF vaccine. However, this recommendation did not extend to the youngest age group licensed for YF vaccine because there were no published data on the use or safety of fractional dose YF vaccination in children aged 9-23 months. We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial, comparing the immunogenicity and safety of fractional one-fifth and one-half doses of Bio-Manguinhos 17DD YF vaccine with full dose in children aged 9-23 months old in Uganda.

Immunological response to fractional-dose yellow fever vaccine administered during an outbreak in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: results 5 years after vaccination from a prospective cohort study.

Background: In 2016, outbreaks of yellow fever in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo led to a global vaccine shortage. A fractional dose of 17DD yellow fever vaccine (containing one-fifth [0·1 ml] of the standard dose) was used during a pre-emptive mass campaign in August, 2016, in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo among children aged 2 years and older and non-pregnant adults (ie, those aged 18 years and older). 1 year following vaccination, 97% of participants were seropositive; however, the long-term durability of the immune response is unknown.

Covid-19 pandemic and equity of global human papillomavirus vaccination: descriptive study of World Health Organization-Unicef vaccination coverage estimates.

Objective: To analyse progress in global vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) during the covid-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on equity.

Design: Descriptive study of World Health Organization-Unicef vaccination coverage estimates.

Setting: WHO-Unicef estimates of global, regional, and national HPV vaccination coverage, before (2010-19) and during (2020-21) the covid-19 pandemic.

Status of New Vaccine Introduction - Worldwide, 2016-2021.

This report describes the status of introductions globally for eight World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended new and underutilized vaccines, comprising 10 individual vaccine antigens. By 2021, among 194 countries worldwide, 33 (17%) provided all of these 10 WHO-recommended antigens as part of their routine immunization schedules; only one low-income country had introduced all of these recommended vaccines. Universal hepatitis B birth dose; human papillomavirus vaccine; rotavirus vaccine; and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis-containing vaccine first booster dose have been introduced by 57%, 59%, 60%, and 72% of all countries worldwide, respectively.

Feasibility and acceptability of nationwide HPV vaccine introduction in Senegal: Findings from community-level cross-sectional surveys, 2020.

In Senegal, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from all cancers. In 2018, Senegal launched a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program with Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi), support. HPV vaccination was incorporated into the national immunization program as a two-dose schedule, with a 6-12-month interval, to nine-year-old girls via routine immunization (RI) services at health facilities, schools and community outreach services throughout the year.

Field investigation of high reported non-neonatal tetanus burden in Uganda, 2016-2017.

Background: Despite providing tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine (TTCV) to infants and reproductive-age women, Uganda reports one of the highest incidences of non-neonatal tetanus (non-NT). Prompted by unusual epidemiologic trends among reported non-NT cases, we conducted a retrospective record review to see whether these data reflected true disease burden.

Methods: We analysed nationally reported non-NT cases during 2012-2017.

When work came home: Formation of feeling rules in the context of a pandemic.

The shift of middle-class jobs to home settings, which occurred as a result of COVID-19 health measures that also closed schools and daycares, introduced dynamic changes to everyday life. We investigate these changes drawing on data from our study in which participants in Nova Scotia, Canada, who were working at home due to the pandemic, wrote journal entries in response to weekly prompts. Participants not only documented changes to their routines and challenges of managing work and parenting simultaneously and in the same physical space, but also reflected on their conflicted emotions about life during the pandemic and their vision for life as things return to "normal.

Refractory high entropy alloy dataset with room temperature ductility screening.

This dataset contains 82 unique refractory alloys experimentally synthesized via arc melting and subject to screening tests for hardness and room temperature ductility. Most compositions fall under the definition of high entropy or complex concentrated alloys, but simpler ternary compositions are also included. Hardness was collected via a standard indentation technique while compressive ductility was quantified using a custom high throughput experimental approach yielding a ductility ranking from 0 to 5.

Qualitative Research Studies Online: Using Prompted Weekly Journal Entries During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Solicited journal entries are a qualitative research method with a fairly strong tradition in sociological research and particularly in qualitative health research. However, the practices and strengths associated with solicited journal entries have not been explored as frequently or comprehensively as more conventional qualitative research methods, such as interviews. During the COVID-19 pandemic we carried out two online studies employing solicited written journal entries and photos.

Cost of human papillomavirus vaccine delivery in a single-age cohort, routine-based vaccination program in Senegal.

Introduction: In 2018, Senegal introduced human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine into its routine immunization program for all nine-year-old girls nationwide. We evaluated the costs of Senegal's introduction of HPV vaccine via this delivery approach.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, incremental, ingredients-based cost evaluation from the provider perspective.

National introduction of HPV vaccination in Senegal-Successes, challenges, and lessons learned.

Following successful school-based demonstration programs in 2014-2016, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced nationwide in Senegal for 9-year-old girls in 2018, using a routine service delivery strategy at health facilities, schools, and other outreach sites. We reviewed the HPV vaccine introduction in Senegal to understand the successes, challenges, and lessons learned. Focusing on three key domains (program decision-making, planning, and implementation), we conducted ten semi-structured interviews during 2019-2020 with purposively selected national-level stakeholders (government, expert advisory committee, key technical and implementation partners) and comprehensive desk reviews of country documents on HPV vaccine introduction.

Associations Among Child Maltreatment, Mental Health, and Police Contact in Adulthood: Findings From a National Canadian Sample.

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between three subtypes of childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence) and two forms of adult police contact (criminality, victimization) using nationally representative Canadian data. Presence of a mental health disorder was also explored as a potential mediating variable in these associations. The weighted sample included 23,846 adult participants from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health.

Child maltreatment and adult multimorbidity: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey.

Objectives: This study investigated associations between three types of child maltreatment (exposure to intimate partner violence, sexual, and physical abuse) and multimorbidity (chronic physical conditions, pain conditions, and mental disorders) in adults.

Methods: Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze weighted data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS - MH 2012), a representative population sample (N = 23,846) of respondents ages 18+.

Results: All three subtypes of child maltreatment independently predicted increased odds of experiencing multimorbidity as an adult, while adjusting for covariates (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.

Immunogenicity of Fractional-Dose Vaccine during a Yellow Fever Outbreak - Final Report.

Background: In 2016, the response to a yellow fever outbreak in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo led to a global shortage of yellow fever vaccine. As a result, a fractional dose of the 17DD yellow fever vaccine (containing one fifth [0.1 ml] of the standard dose) was offered to 7.

State of equity: childhood immunization in the World Health Organization African Region.

Introduction: In 2010, the Global Vaccine Action Plan called on all countries to reach and sustain 90% national coverage and 80% coverage in all districts for the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) by 2015 and for all vaccines in national immunization schedules by 2020. The aims of this study are to analyze recent trends in national vaccination coverage in the World Health Organization African Region andto assess how these trends differ by country income category.

Methods: We compared national vaccination coverage estimates for DTP3 and the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) joint estimates of national immunization coverage for all African Region countries.

Diagnosed Chronic Health Conditions Among Injured Workers With Permanent Impairments and the General Population.

Objective: To profile chronic health conditions of an injured worker sample before and after workplace injury and compare injured workers to a matched community sample.

Methods: Logistic regression analyses compared risk of certain chronic health conditions for permanently disabled injured workers in the pre- and post-injury periods to comparator subsamples from the Canadian Community Health Surveys 2003 and 2009/2010.

Results: There were notable health differences between the injured worker and comparator samples for the post-injury period.

Global Routine Vaccination Coverage, 2015.

In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization* to provide protection against six vaccine-preventable diseases through routine infant immunization (1). Based on 2015 WHO and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates, global coverage with the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3), the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) and the third dose of polio vaccine (Pol3) has remained stable (84%-86%) since 2010. From 2014 to 2015, estimated global coverage with the second MCV dose (MCV2) increased from 39% to 43% by the end of the second year of life and from 58% to 61% when older age groups were included.

Disability and unmet health care needs in Canada: a longitudinal analysis.

Background: The rate of unmet health care needs is quite high for the general population in Canada; however, the rate is even higher for the subset of people with disabilities. To date, there is a gap in the research utilizing longitudinal data to measure the unmet health care needs of Canadians.

Objective/hypothesis: The purpose of this research is to compare the rate of unmet health care needs of people with disabilities to people without disabilities over 15 years.

The Neurological Impairment Scale: reliability and validity as a predictor of functional outcome in neurorehabilitation.

Purpose: To examine the construct validity and inter-rater reliability of the Neurological Impairment Scale (NIS) and compare ratings by medical and multidisciplinary teams in a mixed neurorehabilitation sample. To assess its concurrent and predictive validity as a predictor of outcome and functional gains during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: The NIS was rated in a consecutive cohort of patients (n = 428) recruited from nine specialist neurorehabilitation units in London.

Quality of life of older patients with early-stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a companion study to cancer and leukemia group B 49907.

Purpose: A phase III trial (Cancer and Leukemia Group B CALGB-49907) was conducted to test whether older patients with early-stage breast cancer would have equivalent relapse-free and overall survival with capecitabine compared with standard chemotherapy. The quality of life (QoL) substudy tested whether capecitabine treatment would be associated with a better QoL than standard chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: QoL was assessed in 350 patients randomly assigned to either standard chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil [CMF] or doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide [AC]; n = 182) or capecitabine (n = 168).

Aging with long-term physical impairments: the significance of social support.

This article examines the living situations and access to social support for community-dwelling people between the ages of 50 and 65, and who have lived with significant physical impairment for more than 15 years. Data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eight men and women. Findings suggest that coping with long-term impairment may be a lonely experience when the individual lacks a strong network of family and/or friends to offer emotional support.