The three-dimensionality of the "gummy smile".

The "gummy smile" is a complex developmental issue that requires a three-dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. This article explores the multifaceted nature of the gummy smile, tracing its origins to early childhood growth patterns and breathing dysfunctions. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between skeletal development, soft tissue function, and breathing modalities in the formation of craniofacial structures.

Impact of rapid palatal expansion on the size of adenoids and tonsils in children.

Introduction: Adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy in children often leads to adverse respiratory symptoms and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Current clinical guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery recommend tonsillectomy as the first line of pediatric OSA treatment for children with tonsillar hypertrophy. Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) performed by orthodontists improves obstructive sleep apnea in children by reducing nasal airway resistance, increasing nasal volume, raising tongue posture, and enlarging pharyngeal airway.

Characterization and treatment of postsurgical dental implant pain employing intranasal ketorolac.

The intensity and duration of pain following surgical placement of dental implants has not been well studied. Thus, the aim of this open-label study was to characterize the nature of postsurgical pain following the placement of one to three implants. The secondary goal was to explore the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of intranasal ketorolac in this patient population.