Stereotype Threat and Gender Bias in Internal Medicine Residency: It is Still Hard to be in Charge.

Background: Despite similar numbers of women and men in internal medicine (IM) residency, women face unique challenges. Stereotype threat is hypothesized to contribute to underrepresentation of women in academic leadership, and exploring how it manifests in residency may provide insight into forces that perpetuate gender disparities.

Objective: To quantify the prevalence of stereotype threat in IM residency and explore experiences contributing to that stereotype threat.

A Process Evaluation of Developing Older Adult Research Advisory Boards in Long-term Care Settings.

Background: Enhancing the capacity of researchers, providers and older adults to collaborate in research is critical for promoting relevant, useful research findings.

Objectives: The Sages in Every Setting project aimed to disseminate a flexible model for developing research advisory boards (RABs) comprised of older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) via partnerships between academic researchers and LTSS providers.

Methods: Process evaluation assessed the feasibility of using resources to develop RABs.

Exploring Corporate Stakeholders' Perspectives on Building Capacity for Employee Engagement in Workplace Wellness Initiatives.

Engaging employees with chronic conditions as partners in designing, implementing, and evaluating workplace wellness activities is a promising approach for optimizing the impact of workplace health promotion programs. Yet, there is a need for information on how employees are engaged in this process. We conducted a process evaluation of activities of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research for Employees (PCORE) project formed around building capacity for employee engagement in wellness initiatives.

The Road Not Taken: Disconnection of a Human-Unique Cortical Pathway Underlying Naturalistic Social Perception in Schizophrenia.

Background: Efficient processing of complex and dynamic social scenes relies on intact connectivity of many underlying cortical areas and networks, but how connectivity anomalies affect the neural substrates of social perception remains unknown. Here we measured these relationships using functionally based localization of social perception areas, resting-state functional connectivity, and movie-watching data.

Methods: In 42 participants with schizophrenia (SzPs) and 41 healthy control subjects, we measured the functional connectivity of areas localized by face-emotion processing, theory-of-mind (ToM), and attention tasks.

Blood-based traumatic brain injury biomarkers - Clinical utilities and regulatory pathways in the United States, Europe and Canada.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue, resulting in debilitating consequences to families, communities, and health-care systems. Prior research has found that biomarkers aid in the pathophysiological characterization and diagnosis of TBI. Significantly, the FDA has recently cleared both a bench-top assay and a rapid point-of-care assays of tandem biomarker (UCH-L1/GFAP)-based blood test to aid in the diagnosis mTBI patients.

Pediatric Group Care: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To describe characteristics and outcomes of Group Well-Child Care programs and provide recommendations for future research.

Methods: Informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, an electronic references database, manual search of bibliographies and peer-reviewed journals, and general Internet search were conducted including research published up to July 2019. English language, peer-reviewed research, with provision of medical care were included.

Failure to engage the temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts impaired naturalistic social cognition in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS)-an integrative hub for the cortical networks pertinent to the understanding complex social situations-in social inference, a key component of social cognition, in schizophrenia.

The Bureau of Sages: Incorporating Older Adult Voice into Meaningful Research.

Background: Older adults receiving long-term care are often excluded from the design, development, and implementation of health-related research. The project aimed to create, implement and evaluate a sustainable research advisory board consisting of researchers, clinicians, and older adults living at home or in a skilled nursing facility (SNF).

Methods: To initiate Bureau development, 15 older adults, researchers, and clinicians came together to engage in research.

Pregnancy and Parenting Partners (P3): A Comprehensive Group-Based Prenatal, Postnatal, and Pediatric Care Program Serving Socially Disadvantaged Families.

Pregnancy and Parenting Partners (P3) is a group-based prenatal care program developed to provide access to comprehensive medical care, education, and social support during pregnancy and early parenting. P3 innovatively combines positive elements of existing evidence-based programs to address needs specific to socially disadvantaged women and their families.

Responding to COVID-19: Lessons Learned from a Senior Living and Social Service Organization.

This case study analyzes one senior living and social service organization's coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis response. We conducted interviews with = 14 department managers to explore the organization's pivot to remote work and service provision. We used the Pearson and Mitroff Crisis Management Framework to organize themes.

What you see is what you get: visual scanning failures of naturalistic social scenes in schizophrenia.

Background: Impairments in social cognition contribute significantly to disability in schizophrenia patients (SzP). Perception of facial expressions is critical for social cognition. Intact perception requires an individual to visually scan a complex dynamic social scene for transiently moving facial expressions that may be relevant for understanding the scene.

Job Negotiations in Academic Medicine: Building a Competency-Based Roadmap for Residents and Fellows.

Negotiation skills are critical to career success, yet many physicians feel ill-equipped to negotiate for professional opportunities. Enhancing competencies in this arena may be especially critical for women and underrepresented minorities to reduce disparities in compensation and resources that begin upon entry into the workforce as junior faculty. This perspective offers a comprehensive overview of negotiation strategies and the job search process for individuals finishing medical training and seeking first-time employment.

Intention to Participate in Group Prenatal Care: Moving Beyond Yes or No.

Group prenatal care (GPNC) is an alternative model to traditional individual care and may improve public health outcomes. Prior studies suggest that interest in GPNC varies widely and few studies have examined characteristics predictive of interest in this model. The purpose of this study was to inform GPNC recruitment efforts by examining likelihood of participation delineated by characteristics and GPNC perceptions.

Validation of the MedUseQ: A Self-Administered Screener for Older Adults to Assess Medication Use Problems.

Background: Older adults taking multiple prescription and nonprescription drugs are at risk for medication use problems, yet there are few brief, self-administered screening tools designed specifically for them.

Objective: The study objective was to develop and validate a patient-centered screener for community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: In phase 1, a convenience sample of 57 stakeholders (older adults, pharmacists, nurses, and physicians) participated in concept mapping, using Concept System® Global MAX, to identify items for a questionnaire.

Reduced Functional Brain Activation and Connectivity During a Working Memory Task in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia.

Objective: Working memory (WM) deficits are consistently reported in schizophrenia and are related to poor functional outcomes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of adult-onset schizophrenia have reported decreased functional activations and connectivity in the WM network, but no prior functional magnetic resonance imaging study has examined WM in childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS). The aim of this study was to examine the neural correlates of WM in COS.

In situ generation, metabolism and immunomodulatory signaling actions of nitro-conjugated linoleic acid in a murine model of inflammation.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a prime substrate for intra-gastric nitration giving rise to the formation of nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO-CLA). Herein, NO-CLA generation is demonstrated within the context of acute inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. Macrophage activation resulted in dose- and time-dependent CLA nitration and also in the production of secondary electrophilic and non-electrophilic derivatives.

Attenuated resting-state functional connectivity in patients with childhood- and adult-onset schizophrenia.

Background: Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare, severe form of the adult-onset disorder (AOS). Our previous resting-state fMRI study identified attenuated functional connectivity in COS compared with controls. Here, we ask whether COS and AOS patients and their siblings exhibit similar abnormalities of functional connectivity.

Functional Subpopulations of Neurons in a Macaque Face Patch Revealed by Single-Unit fMRI Mapping.

Neurons within fMRI-defined face patches of the macaque brain exhibit shared categorical responses to flashed images but diverge in their responses under more natural viewing conditions. Here we investigate functional diversity among neurons in the anterior fundus (AF) face patch, combining whole-brain fMRI with longitudinal single-unit recordings in a local population (<1 mm). For each cell, we computed a whole-brain correlation map based on its shared time course with voxels throughout the brain during naturalistic movie viewing.

A circuit for saccadic suppression in the primate brain.

Saccades should cause us to see a blur as the eyes sweep across a visual scene. Specific brain mechanisms prevent this by producing suppression during saccades. Neuronal correlates of such suppression were first established in the visual superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) and subsequently have been observed in cortical visual areas, including the middle temporal visual area (MT).