Sleep Apnea Risk, Subjective Cognitive Decline, and Cognitive Performance: Findings from the Boston Latino Aging Study.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. These relations are understudied in ethnoracially diverse groups. We examined associations among self-reported OSA risk, SCD, and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older Latinos.

Latent change-on-change between amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline.

Introduction: While the influence of cross-sectional β-amyloid (Aβ) on longitudinal changes in cognition is well established, longitudinal change-on-change between Aβ and cognition is less explored.

Methods: A series of bivariate latent change score models (LCSM) examined the relationship between changes in C-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite-5 (PACC-5) while adjusting for covariates, including cross-sectional medial temporal lobe (MTL) tau-PET burden. We selected 352 clinically normal older participants with up to 9 years of PiB-PET and PACC-5 data from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS).

Change in Depressive Symptoms and Longitudinal Regional Amyloid Accumulation in Unimpaired Older Adults.

Importance: Depressive symptoms in older adults may be a harbinger of Alzheimer disease (AD), even in preclinical stages. It is unclear whether worsening depressive symptoms are manifestations of regional distributions of core AD pathology (amyloid) and whether cognitive changes affect this relationship.

Objective: To evaluate whether increasing depressive symptoms are associated with amyloid accumulation in brain regions important for emotional regulation and whether those associations vary by cognitive performance.

Amyloid and tau burden relate to longitudinal changes in the performance of complex everyday activities among cognitively unimpaired older adults: results from the performance-based Harvard Automated Phone Task.

Background: Changes in everyday functioning constitute a clinically meaningful outcome, even in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Performance-based assessments of everyday functioning might help uncover these early changes. We aimed to investigate how changes over time in everyday functioning relate to tau and amyloid in cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Parental History of Memory Impairment and β-Amyloid in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults.

Importance: Studies have suggested that maternal history of late-onset Alzheimer disease, but not paternal, predisposes individuals to higher brain β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, reduced brain metabolism, and lower gray matter volumes.

Objective: To characterize maternal vs paternal history of memory impairment in terms of brain Aβ-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) and baseline cognition among a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study leveraged data from 4413 individuals who were screened for the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer (A4) study, a randomized clinical trial conducted across 67 sites in the US, Australia, Canada, and Japan aimed at Alzheimer disease prevention.

Vascular contributions to cognitive decline: Beyond amyloid and tau in the Harvard Aging Brain Study.

In addition to amyloid and tau pathology, elevated systemic vascular risk, white matter injury, and reduced cerebral blood flow contribute to late-life cognitive decline. Given the strong collinearity among these parameters, we proposed a framework to extract the independent latent features underlying cognitive decline using the Harvard Aging Brain Study (N = 166 cognitively unimpaired older adults at baseline). We used the following measures from the baseline visit: cortical amyloid, inferior temporal cortex tau, relative cerebral blood flow, white matter hyperintensities, peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity, and Framingham Heart Study cardiovascular disease risk.

Study Partner Report of Apathy in Older Adults is Associated with AD Biomarkers: Findings from the Harvard Aging Brain Study.

Objectives: We examined relationships between apathy (self and study-partner-reported) and markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults.

Design: The study utilized a well-characterized sample of participants from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS), a longitudinal cohort study. Participants were cognitively unimpaired without clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptoms at HABS baseline.

Using a digital tool to detect early changes in everyday functioning in older adults: A pilot study of the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET).

Introduction: To investigate the utility of a new digital tool for measuring everyday functioning in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, we piloted the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET) application.

Methods: Forty-six participants (50.3 ± 27.

Early Detection of Amyloid-Related Changes in Memory among Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults with Daily Digital Testing.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether assessing learning over days reveals Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker-related declines in memory consolidation that are otherwise undetectable with single time point assessments.

Methods: Thirty-six (21.9%) cognitively unimpaired older adults (aged 60-91 years) were classified with elevated β-amyloid (Aβ+) and 128 (78%) were Aβ- using positron emission tomography with Pittsburgh compound B.

Capturing learning curves with the multiday Boston Remote Assessment of Neurocognitive Health (BRANCH): Feasibility, reliability, and validity.

Objective: Unsupervised remote digital cognitive assessment makes frequent testing feasible and allows for measurement of learning over repeated evaluations on participants' own devices. This provides the opportunity to derive individual multiday learning curve scores over short intervals. Here, we report feasibility, reliability, and validity, of a 7-day cognitive battery from the Boston Remote Assessment for Neurocognitive Health (Multiday BRANCH), an unsupervised web-based assessment.

Increased intraindividual variability in reaction time performance is associated with emerging cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired adults.

Objective: To investigate whether intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT) over monthly administered cognitive tasks is increased in cognitively unimpaired older adults who are at risk for cognitive decline, and whether this is independent of mean RT performance.

Method: = 109 cognitively unimpaired individuals (age 77.4 ± 5.

Association of Pathologic and Volumetric Biomarker Changes With Cognitive Decline in Clinically Normal Adults.

Background And Objectives: Hippocampal volume (HV) atrophy is a well-known biomarker of memory impairment. However, compared with β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau imaging, it is less specific for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. This lack of specificity could provide indirect information about potential copathologies that cannot be observed in vivo.

Recent contributions to the field of subjective cognitive decline in aging: A literature review.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as self-experienced, persistent concerns of decline in cognitive capacity in the context of normal performance on objective cognitive measures. Although SCD was initially thought to represent the "worried well," these concerns can be linked to subtle brain changes prior to changes in objective cognitive performance and, therefore, in some individuals, SCD may represent the early stages of an underlying neurodegenerative disease process (e.g.

Regional cerebral tau predicts decline in everyday functioning across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Background: Emerging difficulty performing cognitively complex everyday tasks, or 'instrumental activities of daily living' (IADL) may be an early clinical sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate how changes over time in everyday functioning relate to cerebral tau burden across the AD clinical spectrum.

Methods: We included 581 participants (73.

Relation of modifiable lifestyle and mood factors to cognitive concerns among participants and their study partners in the A4 screen data.

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been associated with elevated amyloid levels and increased risk of future cognitive decline, as well as modifiable variables, including depression, anxiety, and physical inactivity. Participants generally endorse greater and earlier concerns than their close family and friends (study partners [SPs]), which may reflect subtle changes at the earliest stages of disease among participants with underlying neurodegenerative processes. However, many individuals with subjective concerns are not at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, suggesting that additional factors, such as lifestyle habits, may be contributory.

Linking self-perceived cognitive functioning questionnaires using item response theory: The subjective cognitive decline initiative.

Objective: Self-perceived cognitive functioning, considered highly relevant in the context of aging and dementia, is assessed in numerous ways-hindering the comparison of findings across studies and settings. Therefore, the present study aimed to link item-level self-report questionnaire data from international aging studies.

Method: We harmonized secondary data from 24 studies and 40 different questionnaires with item response theory (IRT) techniques using a graded response model with a Bayesian estimator.

Subjective cognitive decline across ethnoracial groups in the A4 study.

Introduction: The associations between subjective cognitive decline (SCD), cognition, and amyloid were explored across diverse participants in the A4 study.

Methods: Five thousand one hundred and fifty-one non-Hispanic White, 262 non-Hispanic Black, 179 Hispanic-White, and 225 Asian participants completed the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC), self- and study partner-reported Cognitive Function Index (CFI). A subsample underwent amyloid positron emission tomography ( F-florbetapir) (N = 4384).

Associations of the Harvard Automated Phone Task and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: Preliminary Findings.

Background: Detecting clinically meaningful changes in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) at the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical.

Objective: The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between a performance-based IADL test, the Harvard Automated Phone Task (APT), and cerebral tau and amyloid burden in cognitively normal (CN) older adults.

Methods: Seventy-seven CN participants underwent flortaucipir tau and Pittsburgh Compound B amyloid PET.

Subjective cognitive decline in Brazil: Prevalence and association with dementia modifiable risk factors in a population-based study.

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SCD in Brazil and its association with dementia modifiable risk factors.

Methods: We used data of 8138 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), a population-based study that included clinical and demographic variables of individuals across the country.

The role of dyadic cognitive report and subjective cognitive decline in early ADRD clinical research and trials: Current knowledge, gaps, and recommendations.

Efficient identification of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in early stages of the AD disease continuum is a critical unmet need. Subjective cognitive decline is increasingly recognized as an early symptomatic stage of AD. Dyadic cognitive report, including subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) from a participant and an informant/study partner who knows the participant well, represents an accurate, reliable, and efficient source of data for assessing risk.

Harmonizing the preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite for multicohort studies.

Objectives: Studies are increasingly examining research questions across multiple cohorts using data from the preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite (PACC). Our objective was to use modern psychometric approaches to develop a harmonized PACC.

Method: We used longitudinal data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS), and Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Study of Ageing (AIBL) cohorts ( = 2,712).

Racial and socioeconomic status differences in stress, posttraumatic growth, and mental health in an older adult cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted the most vulnerable and widened the health disparity gap in both physical and mental well-being. Consequentially, it is vital to understand how to best support elderly individuals, particularly Black Americans and people of low socioeconomic status, in navigating stressful situations during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The aim of this study was to investigate perceived levels of stress, posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, socioeconomic status, and mental health between Black and non-Hispanic, White older adults, the majority over the age of 70.