Sources of Black Carbon Deposition to the Himalayan Glaciers in Current and Future Climates.

WRF-Chem and a modified version of the ECLIPSE 5a emission inventory were used to investigate the sources impacting black carbon (BC) deposition to the Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush (HKHK) region. This work extends previous studies by simulating deposition to the HKHK region not only under current conditions, but also in the 2040-2050 period under two realistic emission scenarios and in three different phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Under current conditions, sources from outside our South Asian modelling domain have a similar impact on total BC deposition to the HKHK region (35-87%, varying with month) as South Asian anthropogenic sources (13-62%).