Multivariate experimental design provides insights for the optimisation of rechloramination conditions and water age to control disinfectant decay and disinfection by-product formation in treated drinking water.

The stability of drinking water disinfectant residuals is known to be influenced by multiple variables. To evaluate the effects of various influencing variables on disinfectant stability, a multivariate analysis of chloramine decay and associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation was investigated in a series of bench-scale experiments. Of nine water quality variables previously identified, monochloramine dose, pH, and bromide concentration were selected as key water quality variables based on previous investigations and modelling.

A multivariate Bayesian network analysis of water quality factors influencing trihalomethanes formation in drinking water distribution systems.

Controlling disinfection by-products formation while ensuring effective drinking water disinfection is important for protecting public health. However, understanding and predicting disinfection by-product formation under a variety of conditions in drinking water distribution systems remains challenging as disinfection by-product formation is a multifactorial phenomenon. This study aimed to assess the application of Bayesian Network models to predict the concentration of trihalomethanes, the dominant halogenated disinfection by-product class, using various water quality parameters.

Disinfectant residual stability leading to disinfectant decay and by-product formation in drinking water distribution systems: A systematic review.

Secondary disinfectants, such as chlorine and chloramine, have been widely applied to minimise microbial risks in drinking water during distribution. Key challenges have included the maintenance of stable concentrations of disinfectant residuals and the control of disinfection by-products that may form as a consequence of residual decay processes. Many factors may influence disinfectant residual stability and the consequential formation of by-products.