The risk of congenital malformations associated with exposure to β-blockers early in pregnancy: a meta-analysis.

β-blockers are commonly used during the first trimester of pregnancy. Data about risks of congenital anomalies in offspring have not been summarized. We performed a meta-analysis to determine teratogenicity of β-blockers in early pregnancy.

The association of maternal race and ethnicity and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Background: There are profound racial and ethnic disparities in obstetric outcomes in the United States, but little is known about disparities in risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). We explored the association of race and ethnicity on the risk of PPH due to uterine atony with sequential adjustment for possible mediating factors.

Methods: This analysis was based on the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, from between 2005 and 2008.