Mixed effects of deep brain stimulation on depressive symptomatology in Parkinson's disease: a review of randomized clinical trials.

Although ~50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience depression, treatment for this important and debilitating comorbidity is relatively understudied. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been increasingly utilized for the management of tremors in progressive PD. Several preliminary studies have shown the potential benefit of DBS for non-motor PD symptoms such as depression.

New error type and recall consistency indices for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised: performance in healthy adults and multiple sclerosis patients.

The Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R) is a reliable and well-validated test of visual-spatial memory with six equivalent, alternate forms. While the BVMT-R is commonly used in the evaluation of patients with craniocerebral trauma, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis (MS), the range of variables is limited. In this study, we developed new BVMT-R error and recall consistency indices.