An Emerging Landscape for Canonical and Actionable Molecular Alterations in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Patients with prostate cancer with tumors harboring defects in DNA-repair genes (DRD) generally do not respond well to AR-directed therapy. Furthermore, canonical pathways evolve during disease progression and may affect treatment with existing therapies. Due to the limited treatment options after failure of hormonal and taxane therapy, and the tumor heterogeneity induced by DRD, we sought to characterize the alterations in primary and metastatic prostate cancer.

Detection of NRG1 Gene Fusions in Solid Tumors.

Purpose: gene fusions are rare but potentially actionable oncogenic drivers that are present in some solid tumors. Details regarding the incidence of these gene rearrangements are lacking. Here, we assessed the incidence of fusions across multiple tumor types and described fusion partners.

Antimüllerian hormone levels and cardiometabolic risk in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To determine the association between antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Academic PCOS center.

How chimpanzees cooperate in a competitive world.

Our species is routinely depicted as unique in its ability to achieve cooperation, whereas our closest relative, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), is often characterized as overly competitive. Human cooperation is assisted by the cost attached to competitive tendencies through enforcement mechanisms, such as punishment and partner choice. To examine if chimpanzees possess the same ability to mitigate competition, we set up a cooperative task in the presence of the entire group of 11 adults, which required two or three individuals to pull jointly to receive rewards.

Black women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease compared with white women with PCOS [corrected].

Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and Framingham cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in white and black adolescents and adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with controls.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Center for PCOS.

Hsf1 is required for the nuclear translocation of p53 tumor suppressor.

Although the p53 tumor suppressor is most frequently inactivated by genetic mutations, exclusion from the nucleus is also seen in human tumors. We have begun to examine p53 nuclear importation by isolating a series of mutant cells in which the temperature-sensitive murine p53(Val135) mutant is sequestered in the cytoplasm. We previously showed that that three of them (ALTR12, ALTR19, and ALTR25) constituted a single complementation group.

COX-2 overexpression as a biomarker of early cervical carcinogenesis: a pilot study.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is up-regulated in a number of cancers. Selective inhibition of COX-2 offers a potential pharmacological strategy for cancer prevention. The COX-2 isoform is induced in response to inflammatory factors and is expressed in premalignant lesions, including cervical tissues.

Resistance to ursodeoxycholic acid-induced growth arrest can also result in resistance to deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis and increased tumorgenicity.

Background: There is a large body of evidence which suggests that bile acids increase the risk of colon cancer and act as tumor promoters, however, the mechanism(s) of bile acids mediated tumorigenesis is not clear. Previously we showed that deoxycholic acid (DCA), a tumorogenic bile acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a putative chemopreventive agent, exhibited distinct biological effects, yet appeared to act on some of the same signaling molecules. The present study was carried out to determine whether there is overlap in signaling pathways activated by tumorogenic bile acid DCA and chemopreventive bile acid UDCA.