Association of a Count of Inpatient Morbidities with Two-Year Outcomes among Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To determine if number of neonatal morbidities is associated with death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (sNDI) among infants born extremely preterm who survived to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA).

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected data from 15 NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) centers. Neonatal morbidities and 2-year outcomes were examined for 3794 infants born at 22 to 26 weeks' gestation from 2014 through 2019 who survived to 36 weeks' PMA.

Application of desirability of outcome ranking to the milking in non-vigorous infants trial.

Objectives: Neonatal trials have traditionally used binary composite short-term (such as death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) or longer-term (such as death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment) outcomes. We applied the Desirability Of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) method to rank the overall patient outcome by best (no morbidities) to worst (death).

Study Design: Using a completed large multicenter trial (Milking In Non-Vigorous Infants [MINVI]) of umbilical cord milking (UCM) vs.

Parental perspectives on a trial using waived informed consent at birth.

Objectives: To determine parental perspectives in a trial with waived consent.

Study Design: Anonymous survey of birth parents with term infants who were randomized using a waiver of consent, administered after infant discharge.

Results: 121 (11%) survey responses were collected.

Life on the Frontlines: Caregiver Experience of Pediatric Cerebrospinal Shunt Malfunction.

Background: We aimed to characterize the caregiver experience in the detection and evaluation of pediatric cerebrospinal shunt malfunction.

Methods: In this descriptive qualitative study, we recruited English-speaking caregivers of children aged five years or less in collaboration with a stakeholder organization. Semistructured interviews were completed; content targeted the caregiver experience of shunt malfunction.

Optimizing transition: Providing oxygen during intact cord resuscitation.

Delayed clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord at birth is standard practice for management for all newborns. Preterm infants may additionally benefit from a combination of ventilation and oxygen provision during intact cord resuscitation. This review highlights both the potential benefits of such a combined approach and the need for further rigorous studies, including randomized controlled trials, of delivery room management in this population.

Symptoms of Cerebrospinal Shunt Malfunction in Young Children: A National Caregiver Survey.

This study aimed to describe shunt malfunction symptoms in children ≤5 years old. In a national survey of 228 caregivers, vomiting (23.1%), irritability (20.

Isolated and On Guard: Preparing Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Families for Life with Hydrocephalus.

Objective: This study was aimed to characterize the parent experience of caring for a child with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and to describe parent preferences for counseling in the neonatal period and beyond.

Study Design: This was a qualitative interview study. Parents of infants born preterm with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus completed semistructured interviews.

Parent preferences for neurodevelopmental screening in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Aim: To determine whether, and how, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents want to receive early neurodevelopmental screening information about their child's future risk of cerebral palsy and other disabilities.

Method: This was a qualitative interview study. Parents of hospitalized infants born preterm completed semi-structured interviews.

Early neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and hydrocephalus: Neonatal ICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale and imaging predict 3-6-month motor quotients and Capute Scales.

Objective: Brain injury remains a serious complication of prematurity. Almost half of infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) develop posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) and 20% need surgery for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). This population is associated with an increased risk of later neurodevelopmental disability, but there is uncertainty about which radiological and examination features predict later disability.

The Relationship Between Clinical Imaging and Neurobehavioral Assessment in Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilation of Prematurity.

Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and subsequent posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation and hydrocephalus of prematurity are associated with brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment in the preterm population. Neuroimaging assesses cerebral injury and guides neurosurgical intervention; however, the relationship of head ultrasound (HUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters to neonatal exams in this group has not been well described. The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) is a reproducible, highly reliable battery with motor and cognitive domain scores.

Preterm neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcome: a focus on intraventricular hemorrhage, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and associated brain injury.

Intraventricular hemorrhage in the setting of prematurity remains the most common cause of acquired hydrocephalus. Neonates with progressive post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The goal of this review is to describe the distinct and often overlapping types of brain injury in the preterm neonate, with a focus on neonatal hydrocephalus, and to connect injury on imaging to neurodevelopmental outcome risk.

Early Preterm Birth Across Generations Among Whites and African-Americans: A Population-Based Study.

Objectives To determine the extent to which non-Latina White and African-American mother's gestational age is associated with extremely early (<30 weeks), modestly early (30-33 weeks), and late (34-36 weeks) infant preterm birth (PTB) rates. Methods Race-specific stratified and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on the Illinois Transgenerational Birth File of non-Latino White and African-American infants (born 1989-1991) and their mothers (born 1956-1976). Results White mothers (n = 184) born at <30 weeks had a greater extremely early infant PTB rate than White mothers (n = 131,980) born at term: 1.