Monocytes give rise to Langerhans cells that preferentially migrate to lymph nodes at steady state.

Current evidence suggests that ontogeny may account for the functional heterogeneity of some tissue macrophages, but not others. Here, we asked whether developmental origin drives different functions of skin Langerhans cells (LCs), an embryo-derived mononuclear phagocyte with features of both tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. Using time-course analyses, bone marrow chimeras, and fate tracing models, we found that the complete elimination of embryo-derived LCs at steady state results in their repopulation from circulating monocytes.

Increased frequencies of highly activated regulatory T cells skewed to a T helper 1-like phenotype with reduced suppressive capacity in dengue patients.

Unlabelled: The pathogenesis of dengue involves a complex interplay between the viral factor and the host immune response. A mismatch between the infecting serotype and the adaptive memory response is hypothesized to lead to exacerbated immune responses resulting in severe dengue. Here, we aim to define in detail the phenotype and function of different regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets and their association with disease severity in a cohort of acute dengue virus (DENV)-infected Cambodian children.

Transitional dendritic cells are distinct from conventional DC2 precursors and mediate proinflammatory antiviral responses.

High-dimensional approaches have revealed heterogeneity amongst dendritic cells (DCs), including a population of transitional DCs (tDCs) in mice and humans. However, the origin and relationship of tDCs to other DC subsets has been unclear. Here we show that tDCs are distinct from other well-characterized DCs and conventional DC precursors (pre-cDCs).

Rapid recruitment and IFN-I-mediated activation of monocytes dictate focal radiotherapy efficacy.

The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive cells is associated with the low efficacy of preclinical nonconformal radiotherapy (RT) for tumors. However, nonconformal RT (non-CRT) does not mimic clinical practice, and little is known about the role of monocytes after RT modes used in patients, such as conformal RT (CRT). Here, we investigated the acute immune response induced by after CRT.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: A dendritic cell in disguise.

Since their discovery, the identity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) has been at the center of a continuous dispute in the field, and their classification as dendritic cells (DCs) has been recently re-challenged. pDCs are different enough from the rest of the DC family members to be considered a lineage of cells on their own. Unlike the exclusive myeloid ontogeny of cDCs, pDCs may have dual origin developing from myeloid and lymphoid progenitors.

Dissecting the role of expression in human regulatory T cells.

Colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta (; CD131) is the common subunit of the type I cytokine receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-5. Interestingly, FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a pivotal role in prevention of autoimmunity have been demonstrated to highly overexpress and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified as being linked to autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the exact biological role of CD131 in human Tregs has not been defined yet.

Fast and Efficient Genome Editing of Human FOXP3 Regulatory T Cells.

FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central for maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Because of their immunosuppressive characteristics, Tregs are a potential therapeutic target in various diseases such as autoimmunity, transplantation and infectious diseases like COVID-19. Numerous studies are currently exploring the potential of adoptive Treg therapy in different disease settings and novel genome editing techniques like CRISPR/Cas will likely widen possibilities to strengthen its efficacy.

CD70 expression determines the therapeutic efficacy of expanded human regulatory T cells.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune homeostasis. The co-stimulatory molecule CD27 is a marker of highly suppressive Tregs, although the role of the CD27-CD70 receptor-ligand interaction in Tregs is not clear. Here we show that after prolonged in vitro stimulation, a significant proportion of human Tregs gain stable CD70 expression while losing CD27.

The Impact of Dietary Components on Regulatory T Cells and Disease.

The rise in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in developed societies has been associated with a change in lifestyle patterns. Among other factors, increased consumption of certain dietary components, such as table salt and fatty acids and excessive caloric intake has been associated with defective immunological tolerance. Dietary nutrients have shown to modulate the immune response by a direct effect on the function of immune cells or, indirectly, by acting on the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract.

CD45RA Distinguishes CD4+CD25+CD127-/low TSDR Demethylated Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations With Differential Stability and Susceptibility to Tacrolimus-Mediated Inhibition of Suppression.

Background: Adoptive transfer of forkhead box protein (FOX)3 regulatory T (Treg) cells offers a promising strategy to reduce damage to an allograft by the recipient's immune system. Identification of cell surface markers sufficient to purify Treg cells expanded ex vivo to remove cellular contaminants requires optimization. Furthermore, the expanded Treg must be able to survive, expand, and suppress in allograft recipients exposed to immunosuppressants, such as tacrolimus (TAC).