Colostrum Antibodies and Cytokines in Puerperal Women with Diabetes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

Background: Breastfeeding maintains the maternal-fetal immune link after birth, favors the transmission of immunological competence, and is considered an important contributing factor to the development of the babies' immune system.

Objective: This study aimed to obtain data related to the effects of gestational diabetes on immunoglobulin A (IgA) and cytokines levels in the colostrum, before and during the pandemic of the new coronavirus, in order to study the possible outcomes regarding the immunological characteristics of human milk.

Methods: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO CRD42020212397, and the question elaborated using the PICO strategy was: does maternal hyperglycemia associated or not with Covid-19 influence the immunological composition of colostrum? Electronic searching and reference lists of published reports were used to identify studies that reported the influence of gestational diabetes on colostrum and milk composition.