Assessment and Models of Insect Damage to Cones and Seeds of in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.

Insect damage to cones and seeds has a strong impact on the regeneration of conifer forest ecosystems, with broader implications for ecological and economic services. Lack of control of insect populations can lead to important economic and environmental losses. is the most widespread of the white pines in Mexico and is widely distributed throughout the mountains of northern Mexico.