What's Behind the Dramatic Pre-2020 Declines in Hispanic/Latina Adolescent Childbearing? Decomposing Change by Age, Origin, and Nativity.

Purpose: To assess whether the large declines in adolescent childbearing among Hispanic adolescents over the period 2000-2019 have been driven by co-occurring changes in the composition of the Hispanic population and, if so, whether they have done so differentially by Hispanic subgroup.

Methods: We use birth counts from the United States vital statistics system and population denominators from the United States decennial census long form 5-percent Public Use Microdata and the American Community Survey to conduct a decomposition analysis apportioning observed declines in Hispanic adolescent childbearing to: (1) compositional shifts in nativity, age, and region-of-origin and (2) subgroup changes in childbearing rates.

Results: The Hispanic adolescent fertility rate fell by over 71% from 2000 to 2019, with Mexican-Origin, United States-born, and younger adolescents exhibiting the steepest declines (79%, 70%, and 80% declines, respectively).

Prior COVID-19 infection: an underappreciated factor in vaccine hesitancy in the USA.

Despite tremendous efforts to quickly identify the 'vaccine hesitant' in the USA, what has emerged instead is a complex picture of a highly heterogeneous unvaccinated population. Although numerous factors have been implicated in influencing US COVID-19 vaccine decision-making, the role that prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may play in vaccine receipt has been largely uninvestigated. Using data from two separate US national surveys, the US COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey and the Household Pulse Survey, we find that roughly one-quarter of unvaccinated survey respondents has had a prior COVID-19 infection.

U.S. frontline workers and COVID-19 inequities.

We overcome a lack of frontline worker status information in most COVID-19 data repositories to document the extent to which occupation has contributed to COVID-19 disparities in the United States. Using national data from over a million U.S.

Unequal burdens: assessing the determinants of elevated COVID-19 case and death rates in New York City's racial/ethnic minority neighbourhoods.

Background: The disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial/ethnic minority communities has revealed glaring inequities. However, multivariate empirical studies investigating its determinants are still limited. We document variation in COVID-19 case and death rates across different racial/ethnic neighbourhoods in New York City (NYC), the initial epicentre of the U.

The Diverging Impacts of Segregation on Obesity Risk by Nativity and Neighborhood Poverty Among Hispanic Americans.

While racial residential segregation is frequently cited as a fundamental cause of racial health disparities, its health impacts for Hispanic Americans remain unclear. We argue that several shortcomings have limited our understanding of how segregation influences Hispanic health outcomes, most notably a failure to assess the possible diverging impacts of segregation by neighborhood poverty level and the conflation of segregation with ethnic enclaves. We use multiple years of restricted geocoded data from a nationally representative sample of the US population (2006-2013 National Health Interview Survey) to investigate the association between metropolitan-level Hispanic segregation and obesity by nativity and neighborhood poverty level.

Race-Ethnicity, Union Status, and Change in Body Mass Index in Young Adulthood.

This study used data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and fixed-effects regression to consider whether associations between change in union status and change in BMI were moderated by race/ethnicity. The results indicated that intimate unions were differentially associated with gains in BMI along race/ethnic lines, especially for women. Compared to White women, marriage was associated with larger increases in BMI for Black, Hispanic and Multiracial women, and cohabitation was associated with larger increases for Black and Hispanic women.

Black-white metropolitan segregation and self-rated health: Investigating the role of neighborhood poverty.

While black-white segregation has been consistently linked to detrimental health outcomes for blacks, whether segregation is necessarily a zero-sum arrangement in which some groups accrue health advantages at the expense of other groups and whether metropolitan segregation impacts the health of racial groups uniformly within the metropolitan area, remains unclear. Using nationally representative data from the 2008-2013 National Health Interview Survey linked to Census data, we investigate whether the association between metropolitan segregation and health is invariant within the metropolitan area or whether it is modified by neighborhood poverty for black and white Americans. In doing so, we assess the extent to which segregation involves direct health tradeoffs between blacks and whites.

Hispanic Segregation and Poor Health: It's Not Just Black and White.

Despite the importance of understanding the fundamental determinants of Hispanic health, few studies have investigated how metropolitan segregation shapes the health of the fastest-growing population in the United States. Using 2006-2013 data from the National Health Interview Survey, we 1) examined the relationship between Hispanic metropolitan segregation and respondent-rated health for US-born and foreign-born Hispanics and 2) assessed whether neighborhood poverty mediated this relationship. Results indicated that segregation has a consistent, detrimental effect on the health of US-born Hispanics, comparable to findings for blacks and black-white segregation.

New faces in new spaces in new places: Residential attainment among newly legalized immigrants in established, new, and minor destinations.

Unlabelled: Immigrants at the beginning of the twenty-first century are located in a more diverse set of metropolitan areas than at any point in U.S.

History: Whether immigrants' residential prospects are helped or hindered in new versus established immigrant-receiving areas has been the subject of debate.

Segmented assimilation, neighborhood disadvantage, and Hispanic immigrant health.

We use a subset of Hispanics from the New Immigrant Survey, a nationally representative data set on immigrants recently granted legal permanent residency (n = 2245), to examine whether the relationship between assimilation and health is modified by neighborhood disadvantage and, in doing so, carry out an empirical test of the segmented assimilation hypothesis. Results indicate that assimilation in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods can be protective against poor health. Specifically, more assimilated men and women in the lowest disadvantage neighborhoods have a lower likelihood of self-reported poorer health and being overweight, respectively; no link was found in higher disadvantage neighborhoods.

Educational Attainment and Timing to First Union across Three Generations of Mexican Women.

We use data from Wave 3 of the Mexican Family Life Survey (N = 7276) and discrete-time regression analyses to evaluate changes in the association between educational attainment and timing to first union across three generations of women in Mexico, including a mature cohort (born between 1930 and 1949), a middle cohort (born between 1950 and 1969), and a young cohort (born between 1970 and 1979). Mirroring prior research, we find a curvilinear pattern between educational attainment and timing to first union for women born between 1930 and 1969, such that once we account for the delaying effect of school enrollment, those with the lowest (0-5 years) and highest levels of education (13+ years) are characterized by the earliest transition to a first union. For women born between 1970 and 1979, however, we find that the pattern between education and first union formation has changed.

The molecular reinscription of race: a comment on "Genetic bio-ancestry and social construction of racial classification in social surveys in the contemporary United States".

In an article in the February 2014 issue of Demography, Guo et al. claimed that their research "establishes geographic genetic bio-ancestry as a component of racial classification" (p. 141).

Beyond English proficiency: rethinking immigrant integration.

We develop and test a conceptual model of English language acquisition and the strength of the latter in predicting social and cultural assimilation. We present evidence that the path to English proficiency begins with exposure to English in the home country and on prior U.S.

Social patterning in body mass index (BMI) among contemporary immigrant groups: the emergence of a gradient.

Although adult body mass index (BMI) displays considerable social patterning worldwide, the direction and strength of the relationship between BMI and socioeconomic status (SES) varies cross nationally. We examine social gradients in BMI for contemporary U.S.

U.S. Migration, Translocality, and the Acceleration of the Nutrition Transition in Mexico.

Migrant flows are generally accompanied by extensive social, economic, and cultural links between origins and destinations, transforming the former's community life, livelihoods, and local practices. Previous studies have found a positive association between these translocal ties and better child health and nutrition. We contend that focusing on children only provides a partial view of a larger process affecting community health, accelerating the nutrition transition in particular.

Does SES explain more of the black/white health gap than we thought? Revisiting our approach toward understanding racial disparities in health.

Studies of racial health gaps often find that disparities persist even after adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES). We contend that the persistent residual variation may, in part, be the result of conceptual and methodological problems in the operationalization of SES. These include inadequate attention to the content validity of SES measures and insufficient adjustments for SES differences across racial groups.

A tale of two cities: residential context and risky behavior among adolescents in Los Angeles and Chicago.

This article evaluates whether the at-risk behavior of adolescents is differentially influenced by community context across two metropolitan areas. Our focus is on Latino youth in particular. The data come from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.

The relationship between remittances and health care provision in Mexico.

Objectives: We examined whether remittances sent from the United States to Mexico were used to access health care in Mexico.

Methods: Data were from a 2006 survey of 2 localities in the municipal city of Tepoztlán, Morelos, Mexico. We used logistic regression to determine whether household remittance expenditure on health care was associated with type of health insurance coverage.

Health selection among new immigrants.

Objectives: We sought to quantify the extent of health selection (i.e., the degree to which potential immigrants migrate, or fail to migrate, on the basis of their health status) among contemporary US immigrant groups and evaluate the degree that selection explains variation in self-rated health among US legal permanent residents.

Barrios and burbs: residential context and health-risk behaviors among Angeleno adolescents.

The increasing size of the Latino immigrant population in the United States underscores the need for a more complete understanding of the role that social context plays in influencing the health of immigrants and their children. This analysis explores the possibility that residential location influences the health-risk behaviors of Latino youth in Los Angeles County, California. The data come from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey.

What to make of it? The (Re)emergence of a biological conceptualization of race in health disparities research.

The debate over the role of race/ethnicity in determining disease susceptibility has re-emerged since it was declared that race was arbitrary biological fiction more than 50 years ago. Partly due to advancements in the Human Genome Project and related technologies, the idea that race/ethnicity does have a genetic basis is enjoying a resurgence. A rise in the use of race in genetic studies has left many researchers who are committed to a social conceptualization of race at a loss regarding how to evaluate these developments.