Optimal timing for decompression in post-operative epidural hematoma: a retrospective analysis and treatment flowchart.

Purpose: Post-operative epidural hematoma is a rare but devastating complication of spine surgery. The importance of timely decompression for preserving neurologic function has been repeatedly stressed, but the acceptable timescale for decompression remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to propose a diagnosis and treatment flowchart for post-operative epidural hematoma.

Indirect Spinal Decompression in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures: Efficacy of Combined Modified Percutaneous Posterior Short-segment Fixation and Intraoperative CT Assistance.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the combined modified percutaneous short-segment posterior instrumentation technique by reducing and fixating the thoracolumbar burst fracture and checking the efficacy of indirect spinal decompression using intraoperative CT. This study aims to (1) demonstrate that using modified percutaneous short-segment posterior instrumentation is enough to rebuild spinal stability and decompress the spinal stenosis for thoracolumbar burst fracture and (2) prove the effects of spinal canal decompression by intraoperative portable CT with the surgical technique.

Transforaminal interbody debridement and fusion with antibiotic-impregnated bone graft to treat pyogenic discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis: a comparative study in Asian population.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To evaluate whether using antibiotic-impregnated bone graft (AIBG) enhances infection control and shortens the postoperative course of pyogenic discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis (PDVO).

Overview Of Literature: Surgical treatment of PDVO is indicated for neurological deficit, instability, unknown pathogen, or poorly controlled infection.

Gold nanomaterials capped with bovine serum albumin for cell and extracellular vesicle imaging.

Bovine serum albumin-capped gold nanoclusters (AuNC@BSA) are ionic, ultra-small, and eco-friendly nanomaterials that exhibit red fluorescence emission. Upon modification, these nanomaterials can serve as imaging probes with multimodal functionality. Owing to their nanoscale properties, AuNC@BSA-based nanomaterials can be readily endocytosed by cells for imaging.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide accelerates osteoporosis by PERK activation of ATF5 unfolding.

Imbalances in gut microbiota and their metabolites have been implicated in osteoporotic disorders. Trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine produced by gut microorganisms and flavin-containing monooxygenase-3, is known to accelerate tissue metabolism and remodeling; however, its role in bone loss remained unexplored. This study investigates the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis, TMAO production, and osteoporosis development.

Iodinated gadolinium-gold nanomaterial as a multimodal contrast agent for cartilage tissue imaging.

Cartilage damage, a common cause of osteoarthritis, requires medical imaging for accurate diagnosis of pathological changes. However, current instruments can acquire limited imaging information due to sensitivity and resolution issues. Therefore, multimodal imaging is considered an alternative strategy to provide valuable images and analyzes from different perspectives.

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Regulation of Metabolic Program, Redox System, and Epigenetic Remodeling for Bone Health and Disease.

Imbalanced osteogenic cell-mediated bone gain and osteoclastic remodeling accelerates the development of osteoporosis, which is the leading risk factor of disability in the elderly. Harmonizing the metabolic actions of bone-making cells and bone resorbing cells to the mineralized matrix network is required to maintain bone mass homeostasis. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in mitochondria is a crucial process for cellular energy production and redox homeostasis.

Effects of Adding Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) to Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) among Patients with Rotator Cuff Partial Tear: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study.

A rotator cuff tear is a prevalent ailment affecting the shoulder joint. The clinical efficacy of combined therapy remains uncertain for partial rotator cuff tears. In this study, we integrated extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection, juxtaposed with PRP in isolation.

MicroRNA-29a Mitigates Laminectomy-Induced Spinal Epidural Fibrosis and Gait Dysregulation by Repressing TGF-β1 and IL-6.

Spinal epidural fibrosis is one of the typical features attributable to failed back surgery syndrome, with excessive scar development in the dura and nerve roots. The microRNA-29 family (miR-29s) has been found to act as a fibrogenesis-inhibitory factor that reduces fibrotic matrix overproduction in various tissues. However, the mechanistic basis of miRNA-29a underlying the overabundant fibrotic matrix synthesis in spinal epidural scars post-laminectomy remained elusive.

Inhibition of histone lysine demethylase 6A promotes chondrocytic activity and attenuates osteoarthritis development through repressing H3K27me3 enhancement of Wnt10a.

Histone hypermethylation represses gene transcription, which affects cartilage homeostasis or joint remodeling. Trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) changes epigenome signatures, regulating tissue metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether loss of H3K27me3 demethylase Kdm6a function affected osteoarthritis development.

The Antagonism of Neuropeptide Y Type I Receptor (Y1R) Reserves the Viability of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Milieu of Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head (ONFH).

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-Y1 receptor (Y1R) signaling is known to negatively affect bone anabolism. Our study aimed at investigating the impact of NPY-Y1R signaling in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-related osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Femoral heads were retrieved from 20 patients with and without ONFH, respectively.

Association of a femoral neck T score with knee joint osteophyte formation but not with skeletal muscle mass.

Background: Osteophyte formation is an important radiographic sign of osteoarthritis (OA) and limited joint motion in knee osteoarthritis patients. Some studies revealed relationships of osteophyte formation with a high bone mineral density and a high muscle mass, while others showed no correlations. The aim of this study was to identify relationships of osteophyte formation with bone mineral density and muscle mass.

Interplay between fat, muscle, bone mass, and oteophytes and risk for tophaceous gout.

Tophaceous gout is a common arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals and is related to limited joint function. Although there are reports that uric acid (UA) is associated with bone mineral density (BMD), little is known about the relationship between UA, osteophytes, and muscle. This cross-sectional case-control study was performed in patients with tophaceous gout.

Decreased Expression of Leptin among Patients with Shoulder Stiffness.

Shoulder stiffness (SS) is a disease that is fibroblastic and inflammatory in nature. Leptin is an adipokine-mediating the fibroblastic and inflammatory processes of various diseases. Our study tried to investigate the role of leptin in SS pathogenesis.

Histone H3K27 demethylase UTX compromises articular chondrocyte anabolism and aggravates osteoarthritic degeneration.

Epigenome alteration in chondrocytes correlates with osteoarthritis (OA) development. H3K27me3 demethylase UTX regulates tissue homeostasis and deterioration, while its role was not yet studied in articulating joint tissue in situ. We now uncovered that increased UTX and H3K27me3 expression in articular chondrocytes positively correlated with human knee OA.

Gut Microbiota Ecosystem Governance of Host Inflammation, Mitochondrial Respiration and Skeletal Homeostasis.

Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis account for the leading causes of musculoskeletal dysfunction in older adults. Senescent chondrocyte overburden, inflammation, oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and genomic instability are prominent features of these age-mediated skeletal diseases. Age-related intestinal disorders and gut dysbiosis contribute to host tissue inflammation and oxidative stress by affecting host immune responses and cell metabolism.

Biophysical Modulation of the Mitochondrial Metabolism and Redox in Bone Homeostasis and Osteoporosis: How Biophysics Converts into Bioenergetics.

Bone-forming cells build mineralized microstructure and couple with bone-resorbing cells, harmonizing bone mineral acquisition, and remodeling to maintain bone mass homeostasis. Mitochondrial glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways together with ROS generation meet the energy requirement for bone-forming cell growth and differentiation, respectively. Moderate mechanical stimulations, such as weight loading, physical activity, ultrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic field stimulation, etc.

Piezoelectric Microvibration Mitigates Estrogen Loss-Induced Osteoporosis and Promotes Piezo1, MicroRNA-29a, and Wnt3a Signaling in Osteoblasts.

Biophysical stimulation alters bone-forming cell activity, bone formation and remodeling. The effect of piezoelectric microvibration stimulation (PMVS) intervention on osteoporosis development remains uncertain. We investigated whether 60 Hz, 120 Hz, and 180 Hz PMVS (0.

MicroRNA-29a in Osteoblasts Represses High-Fat Diet-Mediated Osteoporosis and Body Adiposis through Targeting Leptin.

Skeletal tissue involves systemic adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure. MicroRNA signaling controls high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone and fat homeostasis dysregulation remains uncertain. This study revealed that transgenic overexpression of miR-29a under control of osteocalcin promoter in osteoblasts (miR-29aTg) attenuated HFD-mediated body overweight, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia.

MicroRNA-29a Mitigates Osteoblast Senescence and Counteracts Bone Loss through Oxidation Resistance-1 Control of FoxO3 Methylation.

Senescent osteoblast overburden accelerates bone mass loss. Little is understood about microRNA control of oxidative stress and osteoblast senescence in osteoporosis. We revealed an association between microRNA-29a () loss, oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), DNA hypermethylation marker 5-methylcystosine (5mC), and osteoblast senescence in human osteoporosis.

Umbilical cord-derived MSC and hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively protected the brain in rat after acute intracerebral haemorrhage.

This study tested the hypothesis that combined therapy with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCDMSCs) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) was superior to either one on preserving neurological function and reducing brain haemorrhagic volume (BHV) in rat after acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) induced by intracranial injection of collagenase. Adult male SD rats (n = 30) were equally divided into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (ICH), group 3 (ICH +HUCDMSCs/1.2 × 10 cells/intravenous injection at 3h and days 1 and 2 after ICH), group 4 (ICH +HBO/at 3 hours and days 1 and 2 after ICH) and group 5 (ICH +HUCDMSCs-HBO), and killed by day 28 after ICH.

Effect of self-acupressure on middle ear barotrauma associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: A nonrandomized clinical trial.

Background: In hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), a patient is exposed to pure oxygen in a chamber. While HBOT is a long-standing and well-established treatment for a wide variety of medical conditions, one of the main complications is middle ear barotrauma (MEB), which can lead to complaints of ear discomfort, stuffiness or fullness in the ear, and difficulties in equalizing ear pressure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of self-acupressure in preventing and reducing the degree of MEB associated with HBOT.

Full Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy for Lumbar Disk Herniation in the Presence of a Low-Lying Cord.

Background: The distal extent of the spinal cord is most often at the level of the L1 or L2 vertebral body. In rare cases, a low-lying cord extends more distally. In this scenario, pathology that normally causes radiculopathy may cause myelopathy due to compression of the cord rather than nerve roots of the cauda equina.

S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9 Represses Angiogenic Activity and Aggravates Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Ischemic damage aggravation of femoral head collapse is a prominent pathologic feature of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In this regard, S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) is known to deteriorate joint integrity, however, little is understood about which role S100A9 may play in ONFH. In this study, a proteomics analysis has revealed a decrease in the serum S100A9 level in patients with ONFH upon hyperbaric oxygen therapy.