Environmental exposure to common pesticide induces synaptic deficit and social memory impairment driven by neurodevelopmental vulnerability of hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons.

Environmental exposure to pesticides at levels deemed safe by regulatory agencies has been linked to increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, the mechanisms linking exposure to these disorders remain unclear. Here, we show that maternal exposure to the pesticide deltamethrin (DM) at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) disrupts long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus of adult male offspring three months after exposure, a phenotype absent in female offspring.

Extracellular vesicles derived from antigen-presenting cells pulsed with foot and mouth virus vaccine-antigens act as carriers of viral proteins and stimulate B cell response.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious infection caused by FMD-virus (FMDV) that affects livestock worldwide with significant economic impact. The main strategy for the control is vaccination with FMDV chemically inactivated with binary ethylenimine (FMDVi). In FMDV infection and vaccination, B cell response plays a major role by providing neutralizing/protective antibodies in animal models and natural hosts.

KIAA1429 increases FOXM1 expression through YTHDF1-mediated m6A modification to promote aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis in multiple myeloma.

Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly plasma cell malignancy with elusive pathogenesis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is critically engaged in hematological malignancies. The function of KIAA1429, the largest component of methyltransferases, is unknown.

Bar press durations as a reliable and robust measure of frustration-related operant behavior: Sensitivity to incentive downshift and dose-response paradigms.

In humans, frustrating experiences are known to trigger relapse events and individuals with higher frustration intolerance show increased risk of developing substance use disorders (SUDs). Despite this clear relationship, frustration-related behavior is seldom studied concurrently with self-administration behavior in rodent models. A major obstacle has been the lack of robust, quantitative assays of frustration-related operant behavior thus far.

TNFR1 signaling converging on FGF14 controls neuronal hyperactivity and sickness behavior in experimental cerebral malaria.

Background: Excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperinflammatory experimental cerebral malaria (eCM), including gliosis, increased levels of fibrin(ogen) in the brain, behavioral changes, and mortality. However, the role of TNF in eCM within the brain parenchyma, particularly directly on neurons, remains underdefined. Here, we investigate electrophysiological consequences of eCM on neuronal excitability and cell signaling mechanisms that contribute to observed phenotypes.

Fibroblast growth factor 13-mediated regulation of medium spiny neuron excitability and cocaine self-administration.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder with few existing treatments. Thus, there is an unmet need for the identification of new pharmacological targets for CUD. Previous studies using environmental enrichment versus isolation paradigms have found that the latter induces increased cocaine self-administration with correlative increases in the excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh).

Inhibition of the Akt/PKB Kinase Increases Na1.6-Mediated Currents and Neuronal Excitability in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons.

In neurons, changes in Akt activity have been detected in response to the stimulation of transmembrane receptors. However, the mechanisms that lead to changes in neuronal function upon Akt inhibition are still poorly understood. In the present study, we interrogate how Akt inhibition could affect the activity of the neuronal Na channels with while impacting intrinsic excitability.

A Learning Based Framework for Disease Prediction from Images of Human-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells of Schizophrenia Patients.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been employed very successfully to identify molecular and cellular features of psychiatric disorders that would be impossible to discover in traditional postmortem studies. Despite the wealth of new available information though, there is still a critical need to establish quantifiable and accessible molecular markers that can be used to reveal the biological causality of the disease. In this paper, we introduce a new quantitative framework based on supervised learning to investigate structural alterations in the neuronal cytoskeleton of hiPSCs of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients.

Balkwill's angle, occlusal plane, mandibular shape, and curve of Spee.

Objective: This study proposes a cephalometric method to determine an individual radius of the curve of Spee in cases of occlusal prosthetic rehabilitation.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 469 lateral cephalograms. Statistical analysis was performed.

Individual Differences in Frustrative Nonreward Behavior for Sucrose in Rats Predict Motivation for Fentanyl under Progressive Ratio.

Frustrative nonreward (FN) is a construct in the Negative Valence Systems domain of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) from the National Institute of Mental Health. An organism's response to frustrating situations (e.g.

Inhibition of AKT Signaling Alters βIV Spectrin Distribution at the AIS and Increases Neuronal Excitability.

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a highly regulated subcellular domain required for neuronal firing. Changes in the AIS protein composition and distribution are a form of structural plasticity, which powerfully regulates neuronal activity and may underlie several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite its physiological and pathophysiological relevance, the signaling pathways mediating AIS protein distribution are still poorly studied.

Occlusal devices in France: An assessment of professional practice.

Statement Of Problem: Whether recommendations for the use of occlusal devices are made uniformly in terms of indications, designs, and wearing time is unclear. Different recommendations may lead to different clinical outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to assess the professional practice of dental surgeons in France regarding the use of occlusal devices.

Inter-reader agreement of high-resolution computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: A multi-reader study.

Purpose: To investigate the inter-reader agreement in assessing high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Method: Seventy-seven consecutive patients (mean age, 64 ± 15 years) with mild COVID-19 pneumonia that underwent HRCT were retrospectively included. Three radiologists [two devoted to thoracic imaging (R1, R2), and one generalist (R3)] on a per-examination basis independently assessed ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, and crazy-paving pattern.

Convergent genomic and pharmacological evidence of PI3K/GSK3 signaling alterations in neurons from schizophrenia patients.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) allow for the establishment of brain cellular models of psychiatric disorders that account for a patient's genetic background. Here, we conducted an RNA-sequencing profiling study of hiPSC-derived cell lines from schizophrenia (SCZ) subjects, most of which are from a multiplex family, from the population isolate of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. hiPSCs, neural precursor cells, and cortical neurons derived from six healthy controls and seven SCZ subjects were generated using standard methodology.

Chest high-resolution computed tomography is associated to short-time progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Objective: In patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is advised when risk factors for severe disease (i.e., age > 65 years and/or comorbidities) are present, and can influence management strategy.

Role for contrast-enhanced ultrasound in assessing complications after kidney transplant.

Kidney transplantation (KT) is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. Despite their rate has reduced over time, post-transplant complications still represent a major clinical problem because of the associated risk of graft failure and loss. Thus, post-KT complications should be diagnosed and treated promptly.

Broader phenotypic traits and widespread brain hypometabolism in spinocerebellar ataxia 27.

Objective: The goal of this study was to characterize a Swedish family with members affected by spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27), a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Despite normal structural neuroimaging, psychiatric manifestations and intellectual disability are part of the SCA27 phenotype raising the need for functional neuroimaging. Here, we used clinical assessments, structural and functional neuroimaging to characterize these new SCA27 patients.

Guardianship in hospitals: a collaborative pilot project.

Objectives This paper describes the development, implementation and preliminary results of a collaborative pilot project aimed at reducing the time hospital-based patients with cognitive impairments spend waiting for the allocation of legally appointed Advocate Guardian decision makers from the Office of the Public Advocate (OPA). The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of increased availability of public advocate guardians on guardian allocation waits, patient discharge outcomes and healthcare system demand. Methods A multi-institutional pilot program created a dedicated hospital guardian team within OPA, funded by the health networks, to reduce the time to guardian allocation for patients within each network.

Imaging of the Axon Initial Segment.

The axon initial segment (AIS) is the first 20- to 60-μm segment of the axon proximal to the soma of a neuron. This highly specialized subcellular domain is the initiation site of the action potential and contains a high concentration of voltage-gated ion channels held in place by a complex nexus of scaffolding and regulatory proteins that ensure proper electrical activity of the neuron. Studies have shown that dysfunction of many AIS channels and scaffolding proteins occurs in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, raising the need to develop accurate methods for visualization and quantification of the AIS and its protein content in models of normal and disease conditions.

Sex-Specific Proteomic Changes Induced by Genetic Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14), a Regulator of Neuronal Ion Channels.

Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a member of the intracellular FGFs, which is a group of proteins involved in neuronal ion channel regulation and synaptic transmission. We previously demonstrated that male mice recapitulate the salient endophenotypes of synaptic dysfunction and behaviors that are associated with schizophrenia (SZ). As the underlying etiology of SZ and its sex-specific onset remain elusive, the model may provide a valuable tool to interrogate pathways related to disease mechanisms.

Maternal Distress and Infant Social Withdrawal (ADBB) Following Infant Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Mothers and infants are exposed to multiple stresses when cardiac surgery is required for the infant. This study reviewed infant responsiveness using a standardized objective observational measure of social withdrawal and explored its association with measures of maternal distress.

Methods: Mother-infant pairs involving infants surviving early cardiac surgery were assessed when the infant was aged two months.