Applying fractional calculus to malware spread: A fractal-based approach to threat analysis.

Malware is a common word in modern era. Everyone using computer is aware of it. Some users have to face the problem known as Cyber crimes.

Unveiling IoT Customer Behaviour: Segmentation and Insights for Enhanced IoT-CRM Strategies: A Real Case Study.

In today's competitive landscape, achieving customer-centricity is paramount for the sustainable growth and success of organisations. This research is dedicated to understanding customer preferences in the context of the Internet of things (IoT) and employs a two-part modeling approach tailored to this digital era. In the first phase, we leverage the power of the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm to segment IoT customers based on their connected device usage patterns.

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelium with a xeno-nucleic acid aptamer.

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, enters cells through viral spike glycoprotein binding to the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given the lack of effective antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, we previously utilized systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and selected fluoro-arabino nucleic acid (FANA) aptamer R8-9 that was able to block the interaction between the viral receptor-binding domain and ACE2.

Methods: Here, we further assessed FANA-R8-9 as an entry inhibitor in contexts that recapitulate infection in vivo.

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Airway Epithelium with a Xeno-Nucleic Acid Aptamer.

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, enters cells through viral spike glycoprotein binding to the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given the lack of effective antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, we previously utilized systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and selected fluoro-arabino nucleic acid (FANA) aptamer R8-9 that was able to block the interaction between the viral receptor-binding domain and ACE2.

Methods: Here, we further assessed FANA-R8-9 as an entry inhibitor in contexts that recapitulate infection .

Design and Evaluation of Liposomal Sulforaphane-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyethylene Glycol (PVA/PEG) Hydrogels as a Novel Drug Delivery System for Wound Healing.

Hydrogel scaffold has been widely applied as drug delivery systems for treating skin injuries. However, the poor drug loading and rapid drug release of hydrogel restricted their application. In the current study, we present a nanoliposome containing sulforaphane (SF) as a nano-drug delivery system that is encapsulated within the scaffold hydrogel system to overcome these limitations and improve wound healing.

Watershed-scale optimum livestock distribution and crop pattern planning constrained to the minimum nitrogen and phosphorus load in the runoff.

Sustainable crop and livestock planning encounter serious challenges when tasked with reducing the associated nutrient pollution entering the watershed environment. To overcome these challenges, approaches for specifying optimal crop pattern and livestock distribution to limit the pollution in the catchment are advised. In this research, a simulation-optimization approach is used in which the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is employed for simulating the complex soil-water-plant quantity and quality relations, and the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm linked with SWAT is used to discover the optimal crop pattern and distribution of livestock in the Ilam Dam basin, Iran.

Risk Factors Predicting the Necessity of Renal Ultrasound in the Emergency Department.

Objectives: Renal ultrasound (US) is widely used for diagnosing renal pathologies, though few of them, such as obstructive uropathy, require emergent urological intervention. During on-call hours, when medical staff is limited, it is important to prioritize which renal US examinations will be done. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient risk factors to predict the necessity of emergent renal US in the emergency department (ED).

Concentrations of homocysteine in follicular fluid and embryo quality and oocyte maturity in infertile women: a prospective cohort.

Homocysteine is one of the components of follicular fluid (FF), so that any disruptions in its concentration may affect oocyte development. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between FF homocysteine concentration and embryo quality, oocyte maturity, and pregnancy rate. Oocytes and embryos of 44 infertile women were categorised into different groups based on their maturity and quality, respectively.

Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of N-Glycans with a β1,4-Galactosylated Bisecting GlcNAc Motif.

In human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), a rare modification of biantennary complex N-glycans lead to a β1,4-galactosylated bisecting GlcNAc branch. We found that the bisecting GlcNAc on a biantennary core-fucosylated N-glycan was enzymatically galactosylated under stringent reaction conditions. Further optimizations led to an efficient enzymatic approach to this particular modification for biantennary substrates.

A Review of Published Literature Regarding Health Issues of Coastal Communities in Sabah, Malaysia.

Several of the coastal zones in Sabah, Malaysia, are isolated and inaccessible. This study aimed to review the published literature on the health status of the coastal communities in Sabah. The following four main health issues were found: (i) malaria, (ii) tuberculosis (TB), (iii) seafood poisoning, and (iv) antenatal problems.

A systematic review of financial implications of air pollution on health in Asia.

Economic losses due to health-related implications of air pollution were huge and incurred significant burdens towards healthcare providers. The objective of this study is to systematically review published literature on the financial implications of air pollution on health in Asia. Four databases: PubMed, Scopus, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), and Web of Science (WoS) were used to identify all the relevant articles.

Recent H3N2 Viruses Have Evolved Specificity for Extended, Branched Human-type Receptors, Conferring Potential for Increased Avidity.

Human and avian influenza viruses recognize different sialic acid-containing receptors, referred to as human-type (NeuAcα2-6Gal) and avian-type (NeuAcα2-3Gal), respectively. This presents a species barrier for aerosol droplet transmission of avian viruses in humans and ferrets. Recent reports have suggested that current human H3N2 viruses no longer have strict specificity toward human-type receptors.

High Flow Nasal Cannulae versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome Managed with INSURE Method: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: In recent years, various noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) of ventilation has been provided more in neonates. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of HFNC with NCPAP in post-extubation of preterm infants with RDS after INSURE method (intubation, surfactant, extubation).

Methods: A total of 54 preterm infants with RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) were enrolled in this study.

Microbial glycan microarrays define key features of host-microbial interactions.

Genomic approaches continue to provide unprecedented insight into the microbiome, yet host immune interactions with diverse microbiota can be difficult to study. We therefore generated a microbial microarray containing defined antigens isolated from a broad range of microbial flora to examine adaptive and innate immunity. Serological studies with this microarray show that immunoglobulins from multiple mammalian species have unique patterns of reactivity, whereas exposure of animals to distinct microbes induces specific serological recognition.

Apparent life-threatening events in neonatal period: clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges in a pediatric referral center.

Objective: Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) is an episode that is frightening to the observer and is characterized by some combination of apnea, color change, altered muscle tone, choking, and gagging. This study was designed to evaluate and follow up neonates who presented with clinical manifestation of an ALTE in a year.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, all of the neonates with episode of ALTE who were admitted to the Children's Medical Center (CMC) in Tehran, from June 15(th) 2010 to May 14(th) 2011 were enrolled in the study.

Glycan microarray screening assay for glycosyltransferase specificities.

Glycan microarrays represent a high-throughput approach to determining the specificity of glycan-binding proteins against a large set of glycans in a single format. This chapter describes the use of a glycan microarray platform for evaluating the activity and substrate specificity of glycosyltransferases (GTs). The methodology allows simultaneous screening of hundreds of immobilized glycan acceptor substrates by in situ incubation of a GT and its appropriate donor substrate on the microarray surface.

Helicobacter pylori β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase for versatile synthesis of type 1 and type 2 poly-LacNAcs on N-linked, O-linked and I-antigen glycans.

Poly-N-acetyllactosamine extensions on N- and O-linked glycans are increasingly recognized as biologically important structural features, but access to these structures has not been widely available. Here, we report a detailed substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of the bacterial β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (β3GlcNAcT) from Helicobacter pylori that can be adapted to the synthesis of a rich diversity of glycans with poly-LacNAc extensions. This glycosyltransferase has surprisingly broad acceptor specificity toward type-1, -2, -3 and -4 galactoside motifs on both linear and branched glycans, found commonly on N-linked, O-linked and I-antigen glycans.

Recognition of sialylated poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains on N- and O-linked glycans by human and avian influenza A virus hemagglutinins.

Human influenza viruses are proposed to recognize sialic acids (pink diamonds) on glycans extended with poly-LacNAc chains (LacNAc=(yellow circle+blue square)). N- and O-linked glycans were extended with different poly-LacNAc chains with α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialic acids recognized by human and avian influenza viruses, respectively. The specificity of recombinant hemagglutinins (receptors in green) was investigated by using glycan microarray technology.

Unexpected structure of a C. difficile toxin A ligand necessitates an annotation correction in a popular screening library.

The structure of the pentasaccharide S259-1 in the Consortium for Functional Glycomics was investigated using a variety of techniques. Surprisingly, the structure differs from the structure assumed from the previously established specificity of the human fucosyltransferase FUT-III used in the last step of chemoenzymatic synthesis. When presented with a tetrasaccharide substrate containing both type I and type II disaccharide moieties, the enzyme generates a pentasaccharide in which the type II moiety is preferentially fucosylated.

Effects of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke on use of xanthine and pneumogram evaluation at discharge in premature infants.

Objective: Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome and possible rate increase of obstructive apnea in full-term infants but unknown in premature infants. Therefore, the objective was to study the effect of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke on the use of methylxanthines and discharge pneumograms in premature infants.

Methods: Preterm infants [gestational age (GA) ≤34 weeks] born between January 1997 and September 2007 were studied.

Structural basis for langerin recognition of diverse pathogen and mammalian glycans through a single binding site.

Langerin mediates the carbohydrate-dependent uptake of pathogens by Langerhans cells in the first step of antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system. Langerin binds to an unusually diverse number of endogenous and pathogenic cell surface carbohydrates, including mannose-containing O-specific polysaccharides derived from bacterial lipopolysaccharides identified here by probing a microarray of bacterial polysaccharides. Crystal structures of the carbohydrate-recognition domain from human langerin bound to a series of oligomannose compounds, the blood group B antigen, and a fragment of β-glucan reveal binding to mannose, fucose, and glucose residues by Ca(2+) coordination of vicinal hydroxyl groups with similar stereochemistry.

Intractable neonatal seizures: an unusual presentation of congenital hypothyroidism.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common treatable cause of mental retardation. We report an unusual case of congenital hypothyroidism presenting as intractable seizures in an infant delivered to a mother known to have autoimmune hypothyroidism and who was noncompliant with therapy. To our knowledge, this rare presentation of congenital hypothyroidism has not been reported previously.

Sonographic evaluation of vascular injuries.

Objective: The purpose of this presentation is to highlight the color Doppler duplex sonographic features of procedure-related and blunt or penetrating trauma-related vascular injuries.

Methods: Different kinds of vascular complications such as pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, dissection, and thrombosis are discussed. Cases of vascular injuries in the extremities, neck, and abdomen are presented to illustrate the spectrum of sonographic appearances.

Glycan microarrays for screening sialyltransferase specificities.

Here we demonstrate that glycan microarrays can be used for high-throughput acceptor specificity screening of various recombinant sialyltransferases. Cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) was biotinylated at position 9 of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by chemoenzymatic synthesis generating CMP-9Biot-Neu5Ac. The activated sugar nucleotide was used as donor substrate for various mammalian sialyltranferases which transferred biotinylated sialic acids simultaneously onto glycan acceptors immobilized onto a microarray glass slide.