Outcomes of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation among lung transplant recipients: A matched case-control with retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Lung transplant recipients are at increased risk for acquiring nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), but the clinical significance of NTM isolation, particularly among patients not meeting guideline-endorsed diagnostic criteria for NTM pulmonary disease, is unclear.

Methods: A case-control study of lung transplant recipients culture-positive for NTM at a large transplant center during a 7-year period (2013-2019) was performed.

Results: Twenty-nine cases were matched 1:2 to non-NTM controls.