Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods for the detection of cocoa butter in cocoa and its derivatives: A review.

Currently, there is fierce competition in the cocoa industry to develop products that possess distinctive sensory characteristics and flavours. This is because cocoa and its derivatives provide numerous health and functional advantages, which is essential to their economics. The fatty acid and triglyceride composition of cocoa determines its quality.

A Systemic Review of Adolescent Supracondylar Fractures: What Is the Surgical Treatment, Open Reduction With Internal Fixation (ORIF) or Closed Reduction With Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP)?

Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures represent the most frequent elbow injury in young children. These fractures can be treated through either closed reduction with percutaneous pinning (CRPP) or open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF). Yet, the optimal treatment option for adolescents remains unclear.

Personal Mastery Attenuates the Association between Greater Perceived Discrimination and Lower Amygdala and Anterior Hippocampal Volume in a Diverse Sample of Older Adults.

There is limited research investigating whether perceived discrimination influences brain structures that subserve episodic memory, namely the hippocampus and amygdala. Our rationale for examining these regions build on their known sensitivity to stress and functional differences along the long-axis of the hippocampus, with the anterior hippocampus and amygdala implicated in emotional and stress regulation. We defined perceived discrimination as the unfair treatment of one group by a dominant social group without the agency to respond to the event.

Tourniquet Practice Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of tourniquet use among orthopedic surgeons in Saudi Arabia and assess the practical aspects of their use of tourniquets and the complications they have experienced in their practices. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. An online questionnaire was distributed among orthopedic surgeons and trainees in Saudi Arabia, and the surgeons' knowledge of tourniquet use was assessed using 17 questions.

Prevalence and effect of body dysmorphic disorder in females at Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: In the United States of America, the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is believed to be 2% of the general population. There is a scarcity of evidence in Saudi Arabia on the incidence of BDD and its consequences. The significance of this study is to raise awareness of the problem, provide information, and determine the disease prevalence.

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Two Varieties of and Their Antibacterial Activity.

, the most widely cultivated mushroom, is safe to eat and enriched with protein and secondary metabolites. We prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from two varieties of and tested their antibacterial activity The synthesized AgNPs were initially confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy peaks at 420 and 430 nm for white and brown mushrooms AgNPs, respectively. AgNPs were further characterized by zeta sizer, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) prior to antibacterial activity by the well diffusion method against six bacterial strains which include , , , , , and TEM results revealed a spherical shape with an average diameter of about 11 nm in the white mushroom extract and 5 nm in the brown mushroom extract.

Assessment of Community Levels of Knowledge About Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, its Risk Factors, Treatment, and Complications in the Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) can involve an immature hip, acetabular dysplasia with or without subluxation, or dislocation of the femoral head. The prevalence of DDH in Saudi Arabia is 10.46 per 1000 live births, highlighting the importance of community knowledge of DDH risk factors and treatment to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment, and avoiding complications.

Sclerotherapy of Giant Abdominal Lymphangiomas in a Six-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Abdominal lymphangiomas are an uncommon form of congenital lymphatic malformation. We describe a case of a six-year-old male child who presented to our hospital with pain in the abdomen after an alleged history of minor trauma to the abdomen. On per abdomen examination there was a visible mass that was cystic on palpation.