Does lumbar spinal decompression or fusion surgery influence outcome parameters in patients with intrathecal morphine treatment for persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS-T2).

Objectives: Intrathecal morphine pump (ITMP) infusion therapy is efficient in managing chronic pain refractory to standard treatment. This study evaluates pain relief and improvement of quality of life in chronic pain patients after intrathecal morphine pump implantation for treatment of persistent pain after lumbar spinal fusion surgery and lumbar spinal decompression alone.

Methods: Forty three chronic pain patients that received an ITMP at our department between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed divided into 2 cohorts (lumbar spinal fusion surgery and lumbar spinal decompression alone).

Pattern of positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms among schizophrenia patients at primary care setting: A comparative study.

Objective: To investigate the patterns of positive, negative and general psychopathology symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale among a variety of schizophrenia patients.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, in 2016-17, and comprised schizophrenia patients aged 18-52 years registered with the institute regardless of gender, socioeconomic class, marital status and severity of the diseases. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was administered after one month of psychotropic medication.

Pilot randomised controlled trial of culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CaCBTp) in Pakistan.

Background: Evidence for efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in treatment of schizophrenia is growing. CBT is effective and cost efficient in treating positive and negative symptoms. To effectively meet the needs of diverse cultural groups, CBT needs to be adapted to the linguistic, cultural and socioeconomic context.