Correction: Schilling-Hazlett et al. On-Farm Methane Mitigation and Animal Health Assessment of a Commercially Available Tannin Supplement in Organic Dairy Heifers. 2024, , 9.

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Determination of gas flux of growing steers under intensive grazing conditions.

Ruminants produce one-third of the anthropogenic methane ( ) emissions worldwide, and 47% of the CH emissions result from ruminants under grazing conditions. However, there is limited information regarding the appropriate number of visits to accurately determine enteric CH emissions using the automated head-chamber system () from growing beef cattle under intensive grazing conditions. Data from one experiment were analyzed to determine the number of visits to assess gas flux (CH, carbon dioxide [ ], and oxygen [ ]) from Angus-crossbreed steers grazing in a pivot-irrigated improved pasture.

Secondary production of the central rangeland region of the United States.

Rangelands are the dominant land use across a broad swath of central North America where they span a wide gradient, from <350 to >900 mm, in mean annual precipitation. Substantial efforts have examined temporal and spatial variation in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to precipitation (PPT) across this gradient. In contrast, net secondary productivity (NSP, e.

Improving Health Literacy of Elective Procedures in Pediatric Otolaryngology.

Objective: To identify if the addition of supplementary material, such as video or written resources, to the consent process, can improve a patient's or guardian's health literacy in pediatric otolaryngology.

Study Design: Prospective randomized crossover design.

Setting: Tertiary Academic Center.

Tracheostomy-Related Swallowing Issues in Children.

Children with tracheostomies have multiple challenges with respect to achieving normal deglutition. These children may have underlying neurologic or genetic conditions that can predispose to dysphagia, but even in children without underlying comorbidities, the presence of a tracheostomy tube impacts the mechanics of swallowing, leading to difficulty with different consistencies as well as management of normal oral secretions. Intubation prior to tracheostomy also impacts sensation in the upper aerodigestive tract increasing the risk of aspiration.

Assessing Dysphagia in the Child.

Swallowing problems in children can occur for a variety of reasons, and assessment varies based on the age of the child, underlying medical problems, and results of the clinical swallow evaluation. The need for interdisciplinary management with speech language pathologists skilled in the management of children with dysphagia is imperative to identify the components of swallowing that are impaired and provide specific recommendations for safe and adequate nutrition supporting growth, development, and oral feeding if possible. This study focuses on the types of assessment tools available and how and when they are utilized for children of different ages and abilities.

Exploration of the Utility of the Generic ICHOM Standard Set Measures in Evaluating the Speech of Patients with Cleft Lip/Palate.

Background: The International Consortium of Health Outcome Measurements (ICHOM) standard set for cleft care appraisal recommends clinicians assess articulation with percentage consonants correct (PCC) and velopharyngeal function with velopharyngeal competency rating (VPC-R). This study explores the utility and limitations of these generic measures in detecting cleft speech sound disorders by comparing them with two cleft-specific speech-rating systems, cleft audit protocol of speech-augmented Americleft modification (CAPS-A-AM) and Pittsburgh weighted speech scale (PWSS).

Methods: Consecutive children with repaired, nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate, aged 5 years or older (n = 27) underwent prospective speech evaluations conducted at a single academic institution.

On-Farm Methane Mitigation and Animal Health Assessment of a Commercially Available Tannin Supplement in Organic Dairy Heifers.

The objective of this experiment was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a commercially available tannin product (Silvafeed ByPro, 70% tannic acid) as an enteric methane (CH) mitigation and preventative animal health strategy in Holstein heifers (BW = 219 ± 17 kg; 9 mo), reared under organic production system requirements. Twenty heifers were randomly assigned to one of four commercial tannin supplementation treatments as follows: 0% (0 g/hd/d; CON), 0.075% (~5 g/hd/d; LOW), 0.

Relevance of cleft palatal width in short-term otologic outcomes.

Objective: Children with cleft palate are at increased risk for Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and conductive hearing loss from chronic otitis media. While it has been proposed that the severity of ETD is related to the severity of cleft palate, data are lacking to support this hypothesis. An improved understanding of the relevance of cleft width may have prognostic value that could inform decisions on the timing of tympanostomy tube placement and choice of tympanostomy tube design.

Opioid and non-opioid analgesic prescribing practices for pediatric adenotonsillectomy in a tertiary care center.

Importance: The U.S. is in an opioid epidemic with greater than 40,000 deaths annually.

Impact of maternal cytomegalovirus seroconversion on newborn and childhood hearing loss.

Objectives/hypothesis: The objective of this study is to describe long-term hearing outcomes in infants born to mothers with a known cytomegalovirus (CMV) positivity who were not tested for congenital CMV

Study Type: Clinical research study.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed for mothers seropositive to CMV.

A Systematic Review on the Association Between Vestibular Dysfunction and Balance Performance in Children With Hearing Loss.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to understand the functional impact of vestibular dysfunction on balance control in children with hearing loss. The vestibular system is an important contributor to maintaining balance. In adults, vestibular dysfunction is known to lead to unsteadiness and falls.

Loss to follow up of failed hearing screen and missed opportunities to detect congenital cytomegalovirus are better identified with the implementation of a new electronic health record system protocol.

Introduction: Congenital CMV (cCMV) is the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss. Babies with cCMV can present with hearing loss any time but failing the initial hearing screen should trigger cCMV testing. cCMV must be identified within 3 weeks after birth to differentiate congenital from acquired CMV, yet follow-up hearing screens may not occur until after 21 days.

Vestibular Dysfunction and Gross Motor Milestone Acquisition in Children With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To describe the impact of vestibular dysfunction on gross motor development in children with hearing loss.

Data Sources: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO).

Review Methods: A systematic review was reported in concordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses).

Pre- Versus Post-Tonsillectomy Intraoperative Bupivacaine Injection in the Pediatric Population: An Age- and Surgical Indication-Stratified Analysis.

Objectives: Postoperative respiratory depression is of concern in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy receiving postoperative opioids and may be mitigated with intraoperative bupivacaine. This study aims to compare the impact of bupivacaine on postoperative pain and sedation in various pediatric age and surgical indication subgroups.

Methods: This is a case series with chart review of 181 patients <18 years old undergoing adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care center (2013-2016).

Adherence to American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Clinical practice guidelines synthesize and disseminate the best available evidence to guide clinical decisions and increase high-quality care. Since 2004, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) has published 16 guidelines. The objective of this review was to evaluate clinicians' adherence to these guidelines' recommendations as measured in the literature.

Large-scale and local climatic controls on large herbivore productivity: implications for adaptive rangeland management.

Rangeland ecosystems worldwide are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty in precipitation, both within and across years. Such uncertainty creates challenges for livestock managers seeking to match herbivore numbers with forage availability to prevent vegetation degradation and optimize livestock production. Here, we assess variation in annual large herbivore production (LHP, kg/ha) across multiple herbivore densities over a 78-yr period (1940-2018) in a semiarid rangeland ecosystem (shortgrass steppe of eastern Colorado, USA) that has experienced several phase changes in global-level sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, as measured by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

Evaluating Composition and Conservation Value of Roadside Plant Communities in a Grassland Biome.

In the context of roadside revegetation activities in rural regions, revegetation objectives commonly are to establish plant communities with a diversity of species that would otherwise be absent on the predominantly agricultural landscape. To determine the efficacy of revegetation in providing plant communities of high biodiversity value, we quantified species richness, floristic quality, and success in seeding efforts. We evaluated the outcome of roadside seedings conducted by Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) for five NDOT landscape regions spanning Nebraska.

Hyperspectral Analysis of Leaf Pigments and Nutritional Elements in Tallgrass Prairie Vegetation.

Understanding the spatial distribution of forage quality is important to address critical research questions in grassland science. Due to its efficiency and accuracy, there has been a widespread interest in mapping the canopy vegetation characteristics using remote sensing methods. In this study, foliar chlorophylls, carotenoids, and nutritional elements across multiple tallgrass prairie functional groups were quantified at the leaf level using hyperspectral analysis in the region of 470-800 nm, which was expected to be a precursor to further remote sensing of canopy vegetation quality.

Histological ageing of fractures in infants: a practical algorithm for assessing infants suspected of accidental or non-accidental injury.

Aims: This study is the first to systematically document histological features of fractures of known age in infants (≦12 months). It has been used to develop a tabulated database specifically to guide histopathologists to age fractures in children considered to have suffered accidental or non-accidental injury (NAI). Currently in the United Kingdom there are insufficient pathologists with experience in histological ageing of fractures to meet the medicolegal need for this examination.

Airway findings in children with tracheostomies: When is diagnostic bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy indicated?

Objectives: To determine the utility of diagnostic laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy in children with tracheostomies and to describe the incidence of airway findings.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study examining children with tracheostomies who underwent direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (DLB) at Duke University Hospital between 2008 and 2016.

Results: A total of 81 patients who underwent 114 bronchoscopies met inclusion criteria.