Individualistic reward-seeking strategies that predict response to nicotine emerge among isogenic male mice living in a micro-society.

Individual animals differ in their traits and preferences, which shape their social interactions, survival, and susceptibility to disease, including addiction. Nicotine use is highly heterogenous and has been linked to the expression of personality traits. Although these relationships are well documented, we have limited understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms that give rise to distinct behavioral profiles and their connection to nicotine susceptibility.

The Safety and Effectiveness of Hepatic Transarterial Embolic Locoregional Therapy in Patients with Contraindications to Hepatectomy after Portal Vein Embolization.

The safety and effectiveness of hepatic transarterial embolic locoregional therapy (LRT) was assessed, including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE), in patients who underwent portal vein embolization (PVE) before major hepatectomy in whom surgery was then contraindicated. Adverse events (AEs) were graded according to the Society of Interventional Radiology classification of AEs. Tumor response was assessed based on the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors 1.

Improving pain control during transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma performed under local anesthesia with multimodal analgesia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of a reinforced analgesic protocol (RAP) on pain control in patients undergoing conventional trans-arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients (57 men, 24 women) with a mean age of 69 ± 10 (standard deviation) years (age range: 49-92 years) underwent 103 cTACEs. Standard antalgic protocol (50 mg hydroxyzine, 10 mg oxycodone, 8 mg ondansetron, and lidocaine for local anesthesia) was prospectively compared to a RAP (standard + 40 mg 2-h infusion nefopam and 50 mg tramadol).

Volumetric Enhancing Tumor Burden at CT to Predict Survival Outcomes in Patients with Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases after Intra-arterial Treatment.

Purpose To investigate whether liver enhancing tumor burden (LETB) assessed at contrast-enhanced CT indicates early response and helps predict survival outcomes in patients with multifocal neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) after intra-arterial treatment. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with NELM who underwent intra-arterial treatment with transarterial embolization (TAE) or chemoembolization (TACE) between April 2006 and December 2018. Tumor response in treated NELM was evaluated by using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and modified RECIST (mRECIST).

Reperfusion injury on computed tomography following endovascular revascularization of acute mesenteric ischemia: prevalence, risk factors, and patient outcome.

Background: Data about reperfusion injury (RI) following acute arterial mesenteric ischemia (AAMI) in humans are scarce. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of RI following endovascular revascularization of AMI and evaluate its impact on patient outcomes.

Methods: Patients with AAMI who underwent endovascular revascularization (2016-2021) were included in this retrospective cohort.

Endovascular revascularization of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia: report of a 3-year experience from an intestinal stroke center unit.

Objective: To report the 3-year experience of endovascular revascularization of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia (AMI) from an intestinal stroke center unit (ISCU).

Method: All data from patients admitted to the ISCU between January 2016 and January 2019 for arterial AMI who underwent endovascular recanalization were prospectively acquired and retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics at presentation, and CT scans were reviewed.

Collective aeromedical evacuations of SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS patients in a military tactical plane: a retrospective descriptive study.

After the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, MEROPE system was created to transform the military tactical ATLAS A400M aircraft into a flying intensive care unit. Collective aeromedical evacuations (aero-MEDEVAC) of patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome was performed from June to December 2020. A total of 22 patients were transported during seven missions.

Real Life Prospective Evaluation of New Drug-Eluting Platform for Chemoembolization of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: PARIS Registry.

Background And Aim: Transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting microspheres (DEM-TACE) is recommended for patients with BCLC stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and stage 0-A unsuitable for curative treatments. We assessed efficacy and safety along with hepatobiliary toxicities (HBT) of DEM-TACE using a novel microsphere, LifePearl, loaded with anthracyclines.

Materials And Methods: 97 patients diagnosed with HCC were prospectively enrolled and treated using LifePearl loaded with doxorubicin (77%) or idarubicin (23%).

Predictive factors of severe abdominal pain during and after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: To prospectively assess the frequency of severe abdominal pain during and after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the visual analog scale (VAS), and to identify predictive factors.

Methods: Ninety-eight TACE performed in 80 patients (mean 65 ± 12 years old, 60 men) were consecutively and prospectively included. Abdominal pain was considered severe if the VAS ≥ 30/100 after treatment administration, or if opioid analgesic (grades 2-3) intake was required during hospitalization.

Strategic air medical evacuation of critically ill patients involving an intensive care physician: A retrospective analysis of 16 years of mission data.

Background: Strategic medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) allows airborne repatriation of soldiers injured or sick on missions to their national territory. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of strategic MEDEVAC performed by intensive care physicians (ICP) and to analyze the role of the ICP in the management of critical care situations in flight.

Methods: All soldiers who had high or medium dependency conditions and who benefited from a strategic MEDEVAC with an ICP on board between 1 January 2001 and 30 November 2017 were included in this epidemiological retrospective study.

Factors Associated with Tumor Progression After Percutaneous Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison Between Monopolar Radiofrequency and Microwaves. Results of a Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for local and distant intrahepatic tumor progression after percutaneous ablation of HCC and to compare MWA with monopolar RFA.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with early or very early HCC who underwent percutaneous monopolar RFA or MWA were included. Factors associated with local and distant tumor progression were identified.

Hepatobiliary MR contrast agents are useful to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Background & Aims: Hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images can discriminate between benign and malignant liver lesions, but it is unclear if this approach can be used in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Thus, we aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of HBP images in patients with BCS.

Methods: This retrospective study included all patients admitted to our institution with a diagnosis of BCS and focal liver lesions on hepatobiliary contrast agent-enhanced MR imaging (HBCA-MRI) from 2000 to 2019.

Limited added value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound over B-mode for the subtyping of hepatocellular adenomas.

Purpose: To compare the features of hepatocellular adenoma subtypes (HCAs) in B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

Method: Thirty-three patients (31 women [94 %] and two men [6%], median age [Q1-Q3] 43.5 years old [35-51]) with 44 pathologically proven and subtyped HCAs (including 29 inflammatory HCAs [I-HCA] and 15 HNF1-α inactivated HCAs [H-HCA]) who underwent CEUS were included.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in the forward environment. Retrospective analysis of acute respiratory distress syndrome cases among French Army war casualties.

Background: According to the Joint Theater Trauma Registry, 26% to 33% of war casualties develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with high mortality. Here, we aimed to describe ARDS incidence and severity among patients evacuated from war zones and admitted to French intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: We performed an observational retrospective multicentric review of all patients evacuated from war zones and admitted to French ICUs between 2003 and 2018.

Imaging of liver tumours: What's new?

Liver tumours are very common and malignant tumours represent a major cause of cancer-related death. Imaging plays an important role at many different stages of the care pathway. This review discusses new aspects and new roles for imaging and for MRI, in particular.

Critical Care Skill Triad for Tactical Evacuations.

Objective: Providing medical support to French soldiers deployed on war theater everywhere around the world is the first mission of the French Military Medical Service (FMMS). En-route critical care is critical to maintain the continuum of care and safety during forward and tactical medical evacuation (MEDEVAC). The FMMS has developed specific training programs to ensure optimal en-route critical care air transport.

Is magnetic resonance imaging useful for the management of patients with rectal villous adenoma? A study of 45 consecutive patients treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

Purpose: Very few data are available about the clinical relevance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in preoperative evaluation of rectal villous adenoma. The aim is to evaluate the impact of MR imaging for the surgical management of rectal villous adenoma treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM).

Methods: All patients with histologically proven rectal villous tumours operated by TEM who had a preoperative MR imaging between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Ten Years of En Route Critical Care Training.

Objective: The French Military Health Service (FMHS) has developed a training program for medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) of critical care patients on fixed wing aircraft.

Methods: We conducted a 10-year retrospective analysis (2006-2015) of the data from the FMHS Academy. The number of trainees was listed according to the different courses and medical specialties.

[Perstimulus asystole during electroconvulsive therapy: Clinical case and critical literature review].

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most frequently indicated for episodes of melancholic depression, but is also useful in the treatment of maniac syndrome and some schizophrenia subtypes. ECT is part of the treatment of movement disorders, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and even in the treatment of severe conversions. Although the therapeutic results are excellent when used appropriately, the mortality rate is estimated between 2 and 4 for 100,000 shocks.

[A bulky lateral cervical mass].

Branchial cysts are rare, benign cervical lesions that can mimic thyroid goiters, in particular in areas where goiters are endemic. This case describes an Ivorian patient who presented with what appeared to be a voluminous thyroid goiter. At surgery, it proved to be a cyst of the second pharyngeal arch.