Evidence gaps among systematic reviews examining the relationship of race, ethnicity, and social determinants of health with adult inpatient quality measures.

Background: The field of healthcare epidemiology is increasingly focused on identifying, characterizing, and addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) to address inequities in healthcare quality. To identify evidence gaps, we examined recent systematic reviews examining the association of race, ethnicity, and SDOH with inpatient quality measures.

Methods: We searched Medline via OVID for English language systematic reviews from 2010 to 2022 addressing race, ethnicity, or SDOH domains and inpatient quality measures in adults using specific topic questions.

Evaluation of hospital-onset bacteraemia and fungaemia in the USA as a potential healthcare quality measure: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hospital-onset bacteraemia and fungaemia (HOB) is being explored as a surveillance and quality metric. The objectives of the current study were to determine sources and preventability of HOB in hospitalised patients in the USA and to identify factors associated with perceived preventability.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of HOB events at 10 academic and three community hospitals using structured chart review.

Healthcare-associated infections and conditions in the era of digital measurement.

As the third edition of the is released with the latest recommendations for the prevention and management of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), a new approach to reporting HAIs is just beginning to unfold. This next generation of HAI reporting will be fully electronic and based largely on existing data in electronic health record (EHR) systems and other electronic data sources. It will be a significant change in how hospitals report HAIs and how the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other agencies receive this information.

Sepsis Program Activities in Acute Care Hospitals - National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, 2022.

Sepsis, life-threatening organ dysfunction secondary to infection, contributes to at least 1.7 million adult hospitalizations and at least 350,000 deaths annually in the United States. Sepsis care is complex, requiring the coordination of multiple hospital departments and disciplines.

Hospital epidemiologists' and infection preventionists' opinions regarding hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia as a potential healthcare-associated infection metric.

Objective: To ascertain opinions regarding etiology and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) and perspectives on HOB as a potential outcome measure reflecting quality of infection prevention and hospital care.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Participants: Hospital epidemiologists and infection preventionist members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.

Preventability of hospital onset bacteremia and fungemia: A pilot study of a potential healthcare-associated infection outcome measure.

Hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), a potential measure of healthcare-associated infections, was evaluated in a pilot study among 60 patients across 3 hospitals. Two-thirds of all HOB events and half of nonskin commensal HOB events were judged as potentially preventable. Follow-up studies are needed to further develop this measure.

Variation in Identifying Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction Using Administrative Versus Electronic Clinical Data and Impact on Hospital Outcome Comparisons.

Objectives: Administrative claims data are commonly used for sepsis surveillance, research, and quality improvement. However, variations in diagnosis, documentation, and coding practices for sepsis and organ dysfunction may confound efforts to estimate sepsis rates, compare outcomes, and perform risk adjustment. We evaluated hospital variation in the sensitivity of claims data relative to clinical data from electronic health records and its impact on outcome comparisons.

Assessing Variability in Hospital-Level Mortality Among U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries With Hospitalizations for Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.

Objectives: To assess the variability in short-term sepsis mortality by hospital among Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services beneficiaries in the United States during 2013-2014.

Design: A retrospective cohort design.

Setting: Hospitalizations from 3,068 acute care hospitals that participated in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient prospective payment system in 2013 and 2014.

Combatting Sepsis: A Public Health Perspective.

Public health professionals and organizations have an opportunity to create a more comprehensive sepsis prevention strategy that spans the continuum of care and merges existing infection prevention strategies with chronic disease management and improved education on the signs and symptoms of worsening infection and sepsis. Recent public health efforts have improved our understanding of US national sepsis epidemiology and focused on increasing sepsis awareness. Additional opportunities and challenges include creating more integrated sepsis and infection prevention programs that encompass outpatient and inpatient care.

Improved Identification of Venous Thromboembolism From Electronic Medical Records Using a Novel Information Extraction Software Platform.

Introduction: The United States federally mandated reporting of venous thromboembolism (VTE), defined by Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality Patient Safety Indicator 12 (AHRQ PSI-12), is based on administrative data, the accuracy of which has not been consistently demonstrated. We used IDEAL-X, a novel information extraction software system, to identify VTE from electronic medical records and evaluated its accuracy.

Methods: Medical records for 13,248 patients admitted to an orthopedic specialty hospital from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed.

High colonization rate and prolonged shedding of Clostridium difficile in pediatric oncology patients.

Surveillance testing for Clostridium difficile among pediatric oncology patients identified stool colonization in 29% of patients without gastrointestinal symptoms and in 55% of patients with prior C. difficile infection (CDI). A high prevalence of C.

Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis.

Background: Risk factors and treatment outcomes under program conditions for isoniazid (INH)-monoresistant tuberculosis have not been well described.

Methods: Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for all cases of culture-confirmed, INH-monoresistant tuberculosis ( n = 137) reported to the San Francisco Department of Public Health Tuberculosis Control Section from October 1992 through October 2005, and those cases were compared with a time-matched sample of drug-susceptible tuberculosis cases (n = 274)

Results: In multivariate analysis, only a history of treatment for latent tuberculosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.