A Case of Extranodal Metastasis of Primary Bone Lymphoma in the Lower Extremity.

Primary bone lymphoma is a rare disease, accounting for less than 5% of all extranodal lymphoma. Although the femur is cited as being the most common site, primary bone lymphoma is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Herein we present a case of diffuse B-cell-type malignant lymphoma manifested as a large soft-tissue mass of the leg, via metastasis of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the femur, which went untreated.

Lower-Extremity Infections Caused by Serratia marcescens .

Serratia marcescens is a ubiquitous, facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus that has been cited to cause infection in immunocompromised populations. In the literature, S marcescens infections of the lower extremity have presented as granulomatous ulceration, abscess, bullous cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Herein we present a series of three cases of lower-extremity infections in which S marcescens was the sole or a contributing pathogen.

Exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to silver(I) induces a short term protective response.

The Ag(I) ion has well established anti-bacterial and antifungal properties. Exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to MIC(80) AgNO(3) (3 μg/ml) lead to an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase at 30 min but activity declined by 60 min. In addition, exposure of cells to this metal ion for 1 h lead to increased expression of a number of proteins such as elongation factors Ts, Tu and G, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and triosephosphate isomerase but their expression declined following 4 h exposure.

Analysis of the response of Candida albicans cells to Silver(I).

The response of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans to the silver(I) perchlorate salt (AgClO(4)) was assessed. By employing an anti-phospho-p38 MAPK antibody, dual phosphorylation of a high osmolarity protein (Hog1p) in C. albicans in the presence of AgClO(4) was demonstrated.

Exposure to caspofungin activates Cap and Hog pathways in Candida albicans.

Caspofungin is a member of the echinocandin group of antifungals and inhibits the activity of beta-glucan synthase thus disrupting cell wall formation and function. While the potent antifungal activity of this agent is well established, this paper analyzed the response of Candida albicans to caspofungin. Exposure of yeast cells to 0.

Use of Galleria mellonella larvae to evaluate the in vivo anti-fungal activity of [Ag2(mal)(phen)3].

Larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella were employed to assess the in vivo antifungal efficacy of ([Ag(2)(mal)(phen)(3)]), AgNO(3) and 1,10-phenanthroline. Larvae pre-inoculated with these compounds were protected from a subsequent lethal infection by the yeast Candida albicans while larvae inoculated 1 and 4 h post-infection showed significantly increased survival (P < 0.01) compared to control larvae.

Mechanism of action of coumarin and silver(I)-coumarin complexes against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.

The anti-fungal activity and mode of action of a range of silver(I)-coumarin complexes was examined. The most potent silver(I)-coumarin complexes, namely 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylatosilver(I), 6-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylatosilver(I) and 4-oxy-3-nitrocoumarinbis(1,10-phenanthroline)silver(I), had MIC80 values of between 69.1 and 4.