Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of 3-MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Domestically and Commercially Prepared Food in Singapore.

This study investigated the prevalence and occurrence of 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDEs) and glycidyl esters (GEs) in domestically and commercially prepared food in Singapore and assessed the total dietary exposure for the Singaporean population. Minimal impact on the formation of 3-MCPDEs and GEs was observed from the domestic cooking methods commonly practiced in Singapore such as deep frying and stir frying. The estimated total dietary exposure to 3-MCPDEs for the Singaporean population (aged 15 to 92) was 0.

Occurrence and Dietary Exposure to Acrylamide from Foods Consumed within and outside Main Meals in Singapore.

This study investigated the influence of 'snackification' in Singaporean diets, leading to increased dietary acrylamide exposure. Acrylamide concentrations in commonly consumed foods within and outside the main meals were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). High acrylamide concentrations were detected in vegetables cooked at high temperatures (ranging from 0.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene-Based Curved Nanographenes.

It is shown that corannulene-based strained π-surfaces can be obtained through the use of mechanochemical Suzuki and Scholl reactions. Besides being solvent-free, the mechanochemical synthesis is high-yielding, fast, and scalable. Therefore, gram-scale preparation can be carried out in a facile and sustainable manner.

Tuning the reduction potential of quinones by controlling the effects of hydrogen bonding, protonation and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions.

An all-organic cell comprising 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-napthoquinone and pyrano[3,2-f]chromene as electroactive elements exhibited a good combination of large cell voltage and stability of the reduced quinone upon the addition of diethyl malonate (a weak organic acid), as compared to the addition of trifluoroethanol (which led to a high cell potential but low stability via strong hydrogen bonding interactions) and the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (which led to a lower cell potential but high stability through proton transfer).