Rates of Visual Field Change in Patients With Glaucoma and Healthy Individuals: Findings From a Median 25-Year Follow-up.

Importance: Estimating the rate of glaucomatous visual field change provides practical assessment of disease progression and has implications for management decisions.

Objective: To assess the rates of visual field change in patients receiving treatment for glaucoma compared with healthy individuals over an extensive follow-up period and to quantify the impact of important covariates for these rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in a hospital-based setting from January 1991 to February 2020.

Neuroretinal Rim Area Change in Glaucoma Patients With Visual Field Progression Endpoints and Intraocular Pressure Reduction. The Canadian Glaucoma Study: 4.

Purpose: To compare rim area rates in patients with and without the visual field (VF) progression endpoint in the Canadian Glaucoma Study and determine whether intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction following the endpoint altered rim area rate.

Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study.

Methods: setting: University hospitals.

Validity, reliability, and repeatability of the useful field of view test in persons with normal vision and patients with glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the validity, test-retest reliability and repeatability of the UFOV test in healthy controls and glaucoma patients.

Methods: Three substudies with the UFOV test were conducted: (1) validity was evaluated in 77 older controls (mean age 64 [SD, 7] years) and 53 glaucoma patients (mean age 69 [SD, 8] years); (2) test-retest reliability was evaluated in 13 young controls (mean age 28 [SD, 4] years), 21 older controls (mean age 66 [SD, 9] years), and 22 glaucoma patients (mean age 68 [SD, 8] years) who performed the test twice within approximately two weeks; (3) repeatability was evaluated in 17 young controls (mean age 33 [SD, 8] years) who performed the test five times on the same day.

Results: In the validity substudy, mean total processing time was significantly less for older controls (358.

Rates of change in the visual field and optic disc in patients with distinct patterns of glaucomatous optic disc damage.

Purpose: To investigate the rate of visual field and optic disc change in patients with distinct patterns of glaucomatous optic disc damage.

Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Participants: A total of 131 patients with open-angle glaucoma with focal (n = 45), diffuse (n = 42), and sclerotic (n = 44) optic disc damage.

Canadian Glaucoma Study: 3. Impact of risk factors and intraocular pressure reduction on the rates of visual field change.

Objectives: To determine rates of visual field change associated with risk factors for progression in the Canadian Glaucoma Study (abnormal anticardiolipin antibody level, age, female sex, and mean follow-up intraocular pressure [IOP]), and to evaluate the effect of IOP reduction on subsequent rates of visual field change in progressing patients.

Methods: Two hundred sixteen patients (median age, 65.2 years) were followed up at 4-month intervals with perimetry and were monitored for progression.

Optic disc progression in glaucoma: comparison of confocal scanning laser tomography to optic disc photographs in a prospective study.

Purpose: To compare confocal scanning laser tomography (CSLT) to optic disc photography for detecting progressive glaucomatous disc changes.

Methods: Four expert observers first examined a training set of 40 pairs of monoscopic disc photographs to help set a criterion for change. They then classified 44 pairs of monoscopic photographs of patients followed prospectively as having either definitely no change, probably no change, probably change, or definitely change (score, 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively).

Canadian Glaucoma Study: 2. risk factors for the progression of open-angle glaucoma.

Objective: To determine systemic and ocular risk factors for visual field progression in open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: In the Canadian Glaucoma Study, a multicenter prospective longitudinal study of 258 patients (131 men and 127 women; median age, 65.0 years), baseline systemic measures included assessment of peripheral vasospasm and markers for hematopathology, coagulopathy, and immunopathology.

Glaucoma and on-road driving performance.

Purpose: To investigate the on-road driving performance of patients with glaucoma.

Methods: The sample comprised 20 patients with glaucoma and 20 subjects with normal vision, all licensed drivers, matched for age and sex. Driving performance was tested over a 10-km route incorporating 55 standardized maneuvers and skills through residential and business districts of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

A Canadian glaucoma strategy.

Background: To develop Canadian guidelines for the management of primary open-angle glaucoma and provide a quick and practical reference for physicians in the office setting.

Methods: A Canadian Glaucoma Strategy began with a review of the literature and existing guidelines, as well as consultation with glaucoma specialists and general ophthalmologists across Canada. The resulting information was assessed by a panel of glaucoma experts and general ophthalmologists at the Canadian Glaucoma Strategy Forum to distill what was learned and construct the algorithms of care.

Risk of falls and motor vehicle collisions in glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the risk of falls and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in patients with glaucoma.

Methods: The sample comprised 48 patients with glaucoma (mean visual field mean deviation [MD] in the better eye = -3.9 dB; 5.

The letter contrast sensitivity test: clinical evaluation of a new design.

Purpose: To compare the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity (CS) Test to the Pelli-Robson CS Chart.

Methods: One eye of 47 normal control subjects, 27 patients with open-angle glaucoma, and 17 with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was tested twice with the Mars test and twice with the Pelli-Robson test, in random order on separate days. In addition, 17 patients undergoing cataract surgery were tested, once before and once after surgery.

Effect of moderate intraocular pressure changes on topographic measurements with confocal scanning laser tomography in patients with glaucoma.

Objective: To evaluate optic disc topography changes after intraocular pressure (IOP) modulation in patients with glaucoma.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with glaucoma were studied. Three mean optic disc topography images were obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 (visits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively).

Visual field progression in glaucoma: total versus pattern deviation analyses.

Purpose: To compare visual field progression with total and pattern deviation analyses in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with glaucoma and healthy control subjects.

Methods: A group of 101 patients with glaucoma (168 eyes) with early to moderately advanced visual field loss at baseline (average mean deviation [MD], -3.9 dB) and no clinical evidence of media opacity were selected from a prospective longitudinal study on visual field progression in glaucoma.

Effect of cataract extraction on the visual fields of patients with glaucoma.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cataract extraction on the visual fields of patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: Patients in a prospective cohort study in a tertiary center underwent standard automated perimetry every 6 months. We compared the mean results of the 2 examinations immediately before and 2 examinations immediately after phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implant (effect analysis) and the mean results of the first 2 and last 2 examinations from 4 consecutive examinations obtained more than 1 year after the cataract surgery (control analysis).

Threshold and variability properties of matrix frequency-doubling technology and standard automated perimetry in glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare test results from second-generation Frequency-Doubling Technology perimetry (FDT2, Humphrey Matrix; Carl-Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) in patients with glaucoma. Specifically, to examine the relationship between visual field sensitivity and test-retest variability and to compare total and pattern deviation probability maps between both techniques.

Methods: Fifteen patients with glaucoma who had early to moderately advanced visual field loss with SAP (mean MD, -4.

Glaucomatous visual field progression with frequency-doubling technology and standard automated perimetry in a longitudinal prospective study.

Purpose: To compare frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry with standard automated perimetry (SAP) for detecting glaucomatous visual field progression in a longitudinal prospective study.

Methods: One eye of patients with open-angle glaucoma was tested every 6 months with both FDT and SAP. A minimum of 6 examinations with each perimetric technique was required for inclusion.

Factors associated with optic disc hemorrhages in glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with optic disc hemorrhages (ODHs) in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: One hundred thirty-seven patients with open-angle glaucoma, with an initial mean age of 60.

Enhancing vision care integration: 2. Implementation of practice algorithms.

Background: Appropriate access to the best quality of vision care is enhanced when patients receive eye care services from the right professional, at the right time, and in the right place. In the preceding article the authors describe the development of two patient-centred vision care algorithms for the multidisciplinary management of diabetic retinopathy and red eye. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey was done to determine ophthalmologist, optometrist and general practitioner (GP) familiarity with and acceptance of the vision care algorithms.

Enhancing vision care integration: 1. Development of practice algorithms.

Background: Appropriate access to the best quality of vision care is enhanced when patients receive eye care services from the right professional, at the right time, and in the right place. This paper, the first in a two-part series, describes the development of an integrated framework for vision care delivery. Specifically, two patient-centred vision care algorithms for the multidisciplinary management of diabetic retinopathy and the red eye are outlined, and the process that resulted in their development is described.

Visual field and optic disc progression in patients with different types of optic disc damage: a longitudinal prospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of visual field and optic disc progression in glaucoma patients with distinct patterns of optic disc damage.

Design: Prospective, observational case series.

Participants: One hundred five patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Immunohistochemical assessment of the glial mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine whether retinal glial cells exhibit an activated phenotype in glaucomatous human eyes and whether the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are associated with glial activation in glaucoma.

Methods: Activated phenotypes of retinal macroglia (astrocytes and Müller cells) and microglia were identified by morphologic assessment and immunostaining for the cell markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and HLA-DR, respectively, in 30 eyes obtained from glaucomatous donor eyes in comparison with normal control eyes from 20 age-matched donors. Cellular localization of the activated forms of MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun amino(N)-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, were studied in the retina of these eyes by immunoperoxidase staining and double immunofluorescence labeling with phosphorylation site-specific antibodies.

Comparison of data analysis tools for detection of glaucoma with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of three linear discriminant functions (LDFs) and the Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA) in classifying optic disc topography images obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) from patients with open-angle glaucoma and normal controls. Furthermore, to investigate whether the classification of glaucomatous eyes is related to the severity of visual field loss or to optic disc size.

Design: Prospective comparative observational case series.

Retinal arterial diameter changes in progressive and nonprogressive glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine if the degree of retinal arterial diameter change is different between patients with progressive and nonprogressive open-angle glaucoma.

Material And Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 44 eyes of 44 open-angle glaucoma patients (mean age, 67.5 years; age range, 52-84 years; mean follow-up period, 4.

Effects of cold-induced vasospasm in glaucoma: the role of endothelin-1.

Purpose: Vasospasm has been associated with glaucoma, but its mechanisms have not been elucidated. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of endothelin (ET)-1, a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor, in the genesis of vasospasm in glaucoma.

Methods: Our sample contained patients with open-angle glaucoma (n = 43) and subjects with normal nonglaucomatous eyes and without acral vasospasm (n = 27).