The 1-Year Follow-Up Clinic for Neonates and Children After Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: A 10-Year Single Institution Experience.

Objectives: To establish the effectiveness of a "1-year extracorporeal membrane oxygenation follow-up clinic" and to characterize any neurodevelopmental concerns identified.

Design: Single-center retrospective cohort of respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors over 10 years.

Setting: Nationally commissioned center for neonatal and pediatric (> 28 d of life) respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

QRS widening and QT prolongation under bupropion: a unique cardiac electrophysiological profile.

QRS widening and QT prolongation are associated with bupropion. The objectives were to elucidate its cardiac electrophysiological properties. Patch-clamp technique was used to assess the I(Kr) -, I(Ks) -, and I(Na) -blocking effects of bupropion.

Lengthening of cardiac repolarization in isolated guinea pigs hearts by sequential or concomitant administration of two IKr blockers.

Block of I(Kr) is of major concern in drug safety. The objective of this study was to assess prolongation of cardiac repolarization during the combined use of two I(Kr) blockers when administered concomitantly or sequentially. (1) When isolated hearts from male guinea pigs were perfused concomitantly with two I(Kr) blockers, prolongation of monophasic action potential duration measured at 90% (MAPD(90)) was less than the summation of effects observed for each drug perfused alone.

Gender-related differences in drug-induced prolongation of cardiac repolarization in prepubertal guinea pigs.

Underlying mechanisms of drug-induced long QT syndrome are not fully understood. Our objective was to evaluate gender-related differences for block of the rapid (I(Kr) ) or/and the slow (I(Ks)) components of the delayed rectifier potassium current in prepubertal male and female guinea pigs (n = 120) treated with or without verapamil. Indapamide (I(Ks) blocker) prolonged the monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarisation (MAPD( 90)) in females more than in males (15.

Impact of glucose concentration on cardiac ventricular repolarization under I Kr/I Ks blocking agents.

Drug-induced QT interval prolongation is a condition likely to be aggravated by diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate how glucose concentration may modulate drug effects on ventricular repolarization and on cardiac repolarizing potassium currents. Guinea pig hearts were Langendorff-retroperfused and monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) was measured.

Drug-induced long QT syndrome in women: review of current evidence and remaining gaps.

Background: Women are at an increased risk of drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS). This major cardiac adverse effect may lead to malignant polymorphic ventricular tachycardias, termed torsades de pointes, which may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and cause sudden death.

Objective: This article reviews current evidence and remaining gaps in knowledge about drug-induced LQTS in women.

Modulatory role of verapamil treatment on the cardiac electrophysiological effects of cisapride.

The role of transport proteins in the distribution of drugs in various tissues has obvious implications for drug effects. Recent reports indicate that such transporters are present not only in the liver, intestine, or blood-brain barrier but also in the heart. The objective of our study was to determine whether treatment of animals with verapamil, a well-known L-type calcium channel blocker with modulatory properties of membrane transporters, would alter distribution and cardiac electrophysiological effects of an I(Kr) blocker.

Olanzapine prolongs cardiac repolarization by blocking the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current.

Prolongation of the QT interval has been observed during treatment with olanzapine, a thienobenzodiazepine antipsychotic agent. Our objectives were 1) to characterize the effects of olanzapine on cardiac repolarization and 2) to evaluate effects of olanzapine on the major time-dependent outward potassium current involved in cardiac repolarization, namely I(Kr) (I(Kr): rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current).Isolated, buffer-perfused guinea pig hearts (n = 40) were stimulated at different pacing cycle lengths (150-250 msec) and exposed to olanzapine at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 microM.

Dexamethasone hepatic induction in rats subsequently treated with high dose buprenorphine does not lead to respiratory depression.

In humans, asphyxic deaths and severe poisonings have been attributed to high-dosage buprenorphine, a maintenance therapy for heroin addiction. However, in rats, intravenous buprenorphine at doses up to 90 mg kg(-1) was not associated with significant effects on arterial blood gases. In contrast, norbuprenorphine, the buprenorphine major cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A-derived metabolite, is a potent respiratory depressant.

Does high-dose buprenorphine cause respiratory depression?: possible mechanisms and therapeutic consequences.

Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist with a 'ceiling effect' for respiratory depression. Compared with methadone, its unique pharmacology offers practical advantages and enhanced safety when prescribed as recommended and supervised by a physician. Buprenorphine has been approved in several countries as an efficient and safe maintenance therapy for heroin addiction.

CCR 4 and CCR 5 expression in conjunctival specimens as differential markers of T(H)1/ T(H)2 in ocular surface disorders.

Background: Accurate inflammatory mechanisms in chronic ocular surface diseases (OSDs) cannot routinely be assessed. New techniques for investigating ocular surface inflammatory pathways are of major importance.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of CCR 4 and CCR 5, known to be related to the T(H)2 and T(H)1 systems, respectively, and HLA-DR in conjunctival impression cytology specimens from patients with chronic OSDs.

Drug-induced long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes.

Several medications, including drugs prescribed for noncardiac indications, have been associated with a prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram. Under certain circumstances, this clinical manifestation may reflect an increased risk for patients presenting with a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia known as torsade de pointes. Drugs that prolong the QT interval belong to several pharmacological classes, but most of them share one pharmacological effect: they lengthen cardiac repolarization mostly by blocking specific cardiac K+ channels.