Evidence Supports the Validity and Reliability of Response Times from a Brief Survey as a Digital Biomarker for Processing Speed in a Large Panel Study.

Survey response times (RTs) have hitherto untapped potential to allow researchers to gain more detailed insights into the cognitive performance of participants in online panel studies. We examined if RTs recorded from a brief online survey could serve as a digital biomarker for processing speed. Data from 9,893 adults enrolled in the nationally representative Understanding America Study were used in the analyses.

Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Community Environments Through Modeling Subtle Inconsistencies in Questionnaire Responses: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation.

Background: The underdiagnosis of cognitive impairment hinders timely intervention of dementia. Health professionals working in the community play a critical role in the early detection of cognitive impairment, yet still face several challenges such as a lack of suitable tools, necessary training, and potential stigmatization.

Objective: This study explored a novel application integrating psychometric methods with data science techniques to model subtle inconsistencies in questionnaire response data for early identification of cognitive impairment in community environments.

Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) Is Also Relevant for Computer, Smartphone, and Tablet Use by Adults: Introducing the Brief Box Clicking Test.

Importance: Visual-motor integration (VMI) is typically examined in children to promote handwriting, but it may also be relevant for adults' capacity for technology use.

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of speed of completion of the box clicking test, a web-based test of VMI.

Design: Participants in the Understanding America Study completed online surveys on a regular basis, including a very brief (less than 30 s) self-administered box clicking test.

Whole Day Workload: Evaluation of a New Outcome Measure in Occupational Therapy for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Importance: Typical whole day workload is a metric with potential relevance to the occupational balance and well-being of individuals with chronic conditions.

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of using multiple daily NASA Task Load Index measures (whole day TLX) as an indicator of typical whole day workload experienced by adults with Type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Design: Participants with T1D completed cross-sectional measures and 2 wk of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and daily diaries.

Reliability and Validity of Ecological Momentary Assessment Response Time-Based Measures of Emotional Clarity: Secondary Data Analysis.

Background: Emotional clarity has often been assessed with self-report measures, but efforts have also been made to measure it passively, which has advantages such as avoiding potential inaccuracy in responses stemming from social desirability bias or poor insight into emotional clarity. Response times (RTs) to emotion items administered in ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) may be an indirect indicator of emotional clarity. Another proposed indicator is the drift rate parameter, which assumes that, aside from how fast a person responds to emotion items, the measurement of emotional clarity also requires the consideration of how careful participants were in providing responses.

Comparisons of Self-Report With Objective Measurements Suggest Faster Responding but Little Change in Response Quality Over Time in Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies.

Response times (RTs) to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) items often decrease after repeated EMA administration, but whether this is accompanied by lower response quality requires investigation. We examined the relationship between EMA item RTs and EMA response quality. In one data set, declining response quality was operationalized as decreasing correspondence over time between subjective and objective measures of blood glucose taken at the same time.

Can you tell people's cognitive ability level from their response patterns in questionnaires?

Questionnaires are ever present in survey research. In this study, we examined whether an indirect indicator of general cognitive ability could be developed based on response patterns in questionnaires. We drew on two established phenomena characterizing connections between cognitive ability and people's performance on basic cognitive tasks, and examined whether they apply to questionnaires responses.

Cognitive Functioning and the Quality of Survey Responses: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 10 Epidemiological Studies of Aging.

Objectives: Self-reported survey data are essential for monitoring the health and well-being of the population as it ages. For studies of aging to provide precise and unbiased results, it is necessary that the self-reported information meets high psychometric standards. In this study, we examined whether the quality of survey responses in panel studies of aging depends on respondents' cognitive abilities.

Attrition from longitudinal ageing studies and performance across domains of cognitive functioning: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objectives: This paper examined the magnitude of differences in performance across domains of cognitive functioning between participants who attrited from studies and those who did not, using data from longitudinal ageing studies where multiple cognitive tests were administered.

Design: Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Participants: Data are from 10 epidemiological longitudinal studies on ageing (total n=209 518) from several Western countries (UK, USA, Mexico, etc).

Perception of Whole Day Workload as a Mediator Between Activity Engagement and Stress in Workers with Type 1 Diabetes.

Associations between various forms of activity engagement (e.g. work, leisure) and the experience of stress in workers have been widely documented.

Oral Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Case Reports.

Patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant may experience graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in which donor immune cells cause an immune reaction in host tissues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are highly effective in prevention of severe coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease, but the vaccine can result in immune activation and GVHD. Herein, we report 4 cases of oral manifestations that may have been stimulated by COVID-19 or vaccination with Pfizer or Moderna vaccines.

Within-person relationships of sleep duration with next-day stress and affect in the daily life of adults with Type-1 diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect in the daily life of individuals with T1D.

Methods: Study participants were recruited in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) study. Sleep duration was derived by synthesizing objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures.

Workers' whole day workload and next day cognitive performance.

Workload experienced over the whole day, not just work periods, may impact worker cognitive performance. We hypothesized that experiencing greater than typical whole day workload would be associated with lower visual processing speed and lower sustained attention ability, on the next day. To test this, we used dynamic structural equation modeling to analyze data from 56 workers with type 1 diabetes.

Across and Within- Individual Associations Between Everyday Activities and Quality of Life Relevant Measures, in Workers with Type 1 Diabetes.

Unlabelled: Relationships between activity engagement and health related quality of life (HRQOL) can differ based on the level of analyses. For instance, greater exercise on average may be linked with lower fatigue across individuals (between-person level), whereas the momentary experience of exercise may be associated with increased fatigue within an individual (within-person level). Disentangling the between- and within-person associations between everyday activities and HRQOL outcomes may provide insights for personalized lifestyle-oriented health promotion efforts for individuals with chronic conditions.

Reliability and Validity of Noncognitive Ecological Momentary Assessment Survey Response Times as an Indicator of Cognitive Processing Speed in People's Natural Environment: Intensive Longitudinal Study.

Background: Various populations with chronic conditions are at risk for decreased cognitive performance, making assessment of their cognition important. Formal mobile cognitive assessments measure cognitive performance with greater ecological validity than traditional laboratory-based testing but add to participant task demands. Given that responding to a survey is considered a cognitively demanding task itself, information that is passively collected as a by-product of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may be a means through which people's cognitive performance in their natural environment can be estimated when formal ambulatory cognitive assessment is not feasible.

Glycemic Risk Index Profiles and Predictors Among Diverse Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: The Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) was introduced as a single value derived from the ambulatory glucose profile that identifies patients who need attention. This study describes participants in each of the five GRI zones and examines the percentage of variation in GRI scores that is explained by sociodemographic and clinical variables among diverse adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 159 participants provided blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data over 14 days (mean age [SD] = 41.

Movement matters: short-term impacts of physical activity on mood and well-being.

Few studies have investigated the short-term, momentary relationships between physical activity (PA) and well-being. This study focuses on investigating the dynamic relationships between PA and affective well-being among adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants (n = 122) wore an accelerometer and completed daily EMA surveys of current activities and affective states (e.

Using Item Response Times in Online Questionnaires to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives: With the increase in web-based data collection, response times (RTs) for survey items have become a readily available byproduct in most online studies. We examined whether RTs in online questionnaires can prospectively discriminate between cognitively normal respondents and those with cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND).

Method: Participants were 943 members of a nationally representative internet panel, aged 50 and older.

Within-person Relationships of Sleep Duration with Next-Day Stress and Affect in the Daily Life of Adults with Type-1 Diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect in the daily life of individuals with T1D.

Methods: Study participants were recruited in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) study. Sleep duration was derived by synthesizing objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures.

Inferring Cognitive Abilities from Response Times to Web-Administered Survey Items in a Population-Representative Sample.

Monitoring of cognitive abilities in large-scale survey research is receiving increasing attention. Conventional cognitive testing, however, is often impractical on a population level highlighting the need for alternative means of cognitive assessment. We evaluated whether response times (RTs) to online survey items could be useful to infer cognitive abilities.

Validation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) adapted for the whole day repeated measures context.

Our objective was to investigate the validity of four-item and six-item versions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX, or TLX for short) for measuring workload over a in the context. We analysed data on 51 people with type 1 diabetes from whom we collected ecological momentary assessment and daily diary data over 14 days. The TLX was administered at the last survey of every day.

Understanding Worker Well-Being Relative to High-Workload and Recovery Activities across a Whole Day: Pilot Testing an Ecological Momentary Assessment Technique.

Occupational health and safety is experiencing a paradigm shift from focusing only on health at the workplace toward a holistic approach and worker well-being framework that considers both work and non-work factors. Aligned with this shift, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine how, within a person, frequencies of high-workload and recovery activities from both work and non-work periods were associated with same day well-being measures. We analyzed data on 45 workers with type 1 diabetes from whom we collected activity data 5-6 times daily over 14 days.

Function and Emotion in Everyday Life With Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D): Protocol for a Fully Remote Intensive Longitudinal Study.

Background: Although short-term blood glucose levels and variability are thought to underlie diminished function and emotional well-being in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), these relationships are poorly understood. The Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with T1D (FEEL-T1D) study focuses on investigating these short-term dynamic relationships among blood glucose levels, functional ability, and emotional well-being in adults with T1D.

Objective: The aim of this study is to present the FEEL-T1D study design, methods, and study progress to date, including adaptations necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic to implement the study fully remotely.