Treatment modification after initiating second-line medication for type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: To describe changes in antidiabetic medication (ADM) use and characteristics associated with changes in ADM use after initiation of noninsulin second-line therapy.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This study analyzed private health plan claims for adults with type 2 diabetes who initiated 1 of 5 index ADM classes: sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), or thiazolidinediones.

Association Between ICD-10 Codes for Social Needs and Subsequent Emergency and Inpatient Use.

Background: International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision Z codes capture social needs related to health care encounters and may identify elevated risk of acute care use.

Objectives: To examine associations between Z code assignment and subsequent acute care use and explore associations between social need category and acute care use.

Research Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Social Needs Identified by Diagnostic Codes in Privately Insured U.S. Adults.

Introduction: The relationships between healthcare use and social needs are not fully understood. In 2015, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding introduced voluntary Z codes for social needs‒related healthcare encounters. This study evaluated early national patterns of Z codes in privately insured adults.

Incorporating Expected Outcomes Into Clinical Decision-Making for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Objective: Expected outcomes (e.g., expected survivorship after a cancer treatment) have improved decision-making around treatment options in many clinical fields.

Initiating second-line antidiabetic medication among older adults with type 2 diabetes on Metformin.

Background: Antidiabetic medications (ADM), especially sulfonylureas (SFU) and basal insulin (BI), are associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, which is especially concerning among older adults in poor health. The objective of this study was to investigate prescribing patterns of ADM in older adults according to their health status.

Methods: This case control study analyzed administrative claims between 2013 and 2017 from a large national payer.

Glycemic Outcomes of Second-Line Diabetes Drug Choice in a Real-World Population.

Hypoglycemia and acute metabolic complications (AMCs; ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, and coma) are glycemic outcomes that have high cost and high morbidity; these outcomes must be taken into consideration when choosing initial second-line therapy after metformin. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing national administrative data from adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who started a second-line diabetes medication (sulfonylureas [SFUs], thiazolidinediones [TZDs], glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [DPP-4] inhibitors, basal insulin, or sodium-glucose contransporter 2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors) between April 1, 2011 and September 30, 2015 (N=43,288) and compared rates of hypoglycemia and AMCs. Most patients (24,506 [56.

Costs for commercially insured adults prescribed second-line diabetes medications.

Objectives: To examine differences in health care costs associated with choice of second-line antidiabetes medication (ADM) for commercially insured adults with type 2 diabetes.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study with multiple pretests and posttests.

Methods: Included patients initiated second-line ADM therapy between 2011 and 2015, with variable follow-up through 2017.

Association of Second-line Antidiabetic Medications With Cardiovascular Events Among Insured Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Importance: Understanding cardiovascular outcomes of initiating second-line antidiabetic medications (ADMs) may help inform treatment decisions after metformin alone is not sufficient or not tolerated. To date, no studies have compared the cardiovascular effects of all major second-line ADMs during this early decision point in the pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the association of second-line ADM classes with major adverse cardiovascular events.

A complex culturally targeted intervention to reduce Hispanic disparities in living kidney donor transplantation: an effectiveness-implementation hybrid study protocol.

Background: The shortage of organs for kidney transplantation for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is magnified in Hispanics/Latin Americans in the United States. Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the treatment of choice for ESRD. However, compared to their representation on the transplant waitlist, fewer Hispanics receive a LDKT than non-Hispanic whites.