Postnatal Growth Trajectories and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Bevacizumab Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To investigate the postnatal growth and neurodevelopment of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study. A total of 262 infants were divided among three study groups: 22 treated with intravitreal bevacizumab, 55 treated with laser, and 185 with ROP that resolved without treatment.

Differential Gene Expression in Cord Blood of Infants Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Analysis of the Beneficial Effects of Antenatal Magnesium Cohort.

The Beneficial Effects of Antenatal Magnesium clinical trial was conducted between 1997 and 2007, and demonstrated a significant reduction in cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infants who were exposed to peripartum magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). However, the mechanism by which MgSO4 confers neuroprotection remains incompletely understood. Cord blood samples from this study were interrogated during an era when next-generation sequencing was not widely accessible and few gene expression differences or biomarkers were identified between treatment groups.

Ventriculomegaly thresholds for prediction of symptomatic post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in preterm infants.

Background: Benefits from early surgical intervention in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) prior to symptomatic ventriculomegaly must be weighed against risks of surgery. We calculated thresholds of common ventriculomegaly indices at a late-intervention institution to predict subsequent symptomatic ventriculomegaly requiring neurosurgery.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed neuroimaging and neurosurgical outcomes in preterm infants with grade III/IV IVH between 2007 and 2020.

Degree of ventriculomegaly predicts school-aged functional outcomes in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Background: Greater ventriculomegaly in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in infancy. We aim to explore the relationship between ventriculomegaly and school-age functional outcome.

Methods: Retrospective review of preterm infants with Grade III/IV IVH from 2006 to 2020.

Neonatal Mortality After Interhospital Transfer of Pregnant Women for Imminent Very Preterm Birth in Illinois.

Importance: Reducing neonatal mortality is a national health care priority. Understanding the association between neonatal mortality and antenatal transfer of pregnant women to a level III perinatal hospital for delivery of infants who are very preterm (VPT) may help identify opportunities for improvement.

Objective: To assess whether antenatal transfer to a level III hospital is associated with neonatal mortality in infants who are VPT.

Transcranial Doppler Identification of Neurologic Injury during Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy.

Background: We used transcranial Doppler to examine changes in cerebral blood flow velocity in children treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We examined the association between those changes and radiologic, electroencephalographic, and clinical evidence of neurologic injury.

Methods: This was a retrospective review and prospective observational study of patients 18 years old and younger at a single university children's hospital.

Growth and Development in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants After the Introduction of Exclusive Human Milk Feedings.

 To estimate associations of exclusive human milk (EHM) feedings with growth and neurodevelopment through 18 months corrected age (CA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.  ELBW infants admitted from July 2011 to June 2013 who survived were reviewed. Infants managed from July 2011 to June 2012 were fed with bovine milk-based fortifiers and formula (BOV).

Periviable birth: Interim update.

Approximately 0.5% of all births occur before the third trimester of pregnancy, and these very early deliveries result in the majority of neonatal deaths and more than 40% of infant deaths. A recent executive summary of proceedings from a joint workshop defined periviable birth as delivery occurring from 20 0/7 weeks to 25 6/7 weeks of gestation.

#3: Periviable birth.

Approximately 0.5% of all births occur before the third trimester of pregnancy, and these very early deliveries result in the majority of neonatal deaths and more than 40% of infant deaths. A recent executive summary of proceedings from a joint workshop defined periviable birth as delivery occurring from 20 0/7 weeks to 25 6/7 weeks of gestation.

Neonatal extracorporeal life support: impact of new therapies on survival.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of pre-extracorporeal life support (ECLS) management with nitric oxide (NO), high frequency ventilation (HFV), and surfactant on mortality among neonates supported with ECLS.

Study Design: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) data on 7017 neonates cannulated for respiratory reasons between 1996 and 2003 were analyzed using chi2, analysis of variance, and logistic regression.

Results: The use of ECLS declined by 26.

Altered pathways for auditory discrimination and recognition memory in preterm infants.

Preterm infants are at increased risk for cognitive disorders, including impairments in recognition memory. This study evaluated the effects of extreme prematurity on the neural pathway for auditory recognition memory using event-related potentials (ERPs), a neurophysiological technique widely used in cognitive neuroscience. ERPs were recorded at term postmenstrual age in 35 preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestation (22 males, 13 females; mean birthweight ([BW] 1154g, SD 374g) with normal brain ultrasounds, compared with 40 healthy, term newborns (1 to 3 days of age; 20 males, 20 females; BW 3672g, SD 420g).