Current Nanotechnological Approaches for an Effective Delivery of Bioactive Drug Molecules to Overcome Drug Resistance Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne communicable disease, mainly caused by aerobic, non-motile, rodshaped, weakly gram-positive, acid-fast tubercular bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). Mycobacterium has worsened the problem in humans by acquiring various types of resistances like Multi-drug resistance (MDR), Single-drug resistance (SDR), and Extensive drug resistance (XDR). Some clinical problems and challenges associated with conventional TB chemotherapy include poor patient compliance, longer duration of chemotherapy, lesser cell permeability, primary drug resistance, difficulty in maintaining higher drug concentrations at the infected site, and degradation of the drug before reaching the target site.

Nanolipid carrier-based thermoreversible gel for localized delivery of docetaxel to breast cancer.

Intratumoral and intralesional administration of anticancer drugs in gels and implantable formulations is gaining much importance on account of its advantage of site-specific delivery with highly dependable freedom from unwanted side effects. Nanolipid carriers (NLC) are the preferred vehicle due to their improved properties particularly drug loading. In the present investigation, glyceryl monostearate-oleic acid NLCs loaded with docetaxel were prepared by emulsification and ultrasonication technique and were incorporated in thermoreversible pluronic F127 gel (TRPgel) for intralesion injection to breast tissue.

Efficacy study of vesicular gel containing methotrexate and menthol combination on parakeratotic rat skin model.

Methotrexate (MTX) is indicated in the symptomatic control of severe, recalcitrant, and disabling psoriasis. The oral or parenteral route of administration causes systemic toxicity. The topical route of delivery, though, reduces systemic toxicity and has limited applicability due to restricted permeability.

Industrially feasible alternative approaches in the manufacture of solid dispersions: a technical report.

The purpose of this report was to compile relevant technical information on various alternative strategies that can be used as feasible approaches in the development of solid dispersions. The technologies discussed in the report are spray coating on sugar beads with a fluidized bed coating system, hot melt extrusion, direct capsule filling, electrostatic spinning, surface active carriers, and supercritical fluid technology. The focus is on basic principles, the equipment involved, and the relevant scale-up work.

Tumoricidal effects of etoposide incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles after intraperitoneal administration in Dalton's lymphoma bearing mice.

The tumoricidal effects of etoposide incorporated into lipid nanoparticles after single-dose administration were investigated in Dalton's lymphoma ascites bearing mice. Etoposide and its nanoparticle formulations were administered intraperitoneally, and the cell cycle perturbation, cytogenetic damage, cell death (apoptosis), tumor regression, and animal survival were investigated as parameters of response with time. The tumor burden of mice treated with etoposide and its nanoparticle formulations decreased significantly (P < .

Enhanced delivery of etoposide to Dalton's lymphoma in mice through polysorbate 20 micelles.

The study evaluates the possibility of enhancing uptake of etoposide (topoisomerase II inhibitor) by tumor when delivered through polysorbate 20 micelles. The micelle formation was ascertained by determining the critical micellar concentration (CMC) with a du Nouy ring tensiometer and by size measurement using dynamic light scattering. Addition of 5% ethanol decreased the CMC of Polysorbate 20 (from 5.

Role of calcium in gene delivery.

The treatment of genetic diseases using therapeutic gene transfer is considered to be a significant development. This development has brought with it certain limitations, and the process of overcoming these barriers has seen a drastic change in gene delivery. Many metal ions such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Ba2+ and, most importantly, Ca2+ have been demonstrated to have significant roles in gene delivery.

Albumin microspheres as carriers for the antiarthritic drug celecoxib.

The present study investigates the preparation of celecoxib-loaded albumin microspheres and the biodistribution of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled celecoxib as well as its microspheres after intravenous administration. Microspheres were prepared using a natural polymer BSA using emulsification chemical cross-linking method. The prepared microspheres were characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and in vitro drug release.

Rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the estimation of doxorubicin in dog blood--the silver nitrate artifact.

A rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay utilizing fluorimetric detection (excitation at 480 nm, emission at 560 nm) for the determination of doxorubicin in dog blood was developed and validated. Treatment of blood samples containing doxorubicin with AgNO3 (as protein precipitant) resulted in appearance of an additional peak in the chromatogram of doxorubicin at 11.5 min along with the parent peak (tR = 5.

Etoposide-incorporated tripalmitin nanoparticles with different surface charge: formulation, characterization, radiolabeling, and biodistribution studies.

Etoposide-incorporated tripalmitin nanoparticles with negative (ETN) and positive charge (ETP) were prepared by melt emulsification and high-pressure homogenization techniques. Spray drying of nanoparticles led to free flowing powder with excellent redispersibility. The nanoparticles were characterized by size analysis, zeta potential measurements, and scanning electron microscopy.

Influence of polymerization technique and experimental variables on the particle properties and release kinetics of methotrexate from poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.

Poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles were prepared by dispersion polymerization (DP) and emulsion polymerization (EP) of n-butyl cyanoacrylate monomer. The particles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Particle properties such as size and zeta potential were determined for nanoparticles prepared by DP and EP techniques and compared.