Mania as a Rare Adverse Event Secondary to Steroid Eye Drops.

Since glucocorticoids (GCs) were introduced for the treatment of various diseases, they have been linked with the development of psychiatric adverse effects such as mania, depression, and psychosis. These behavioral or psychiatric adverse events usually appear within a few days after commencing GCs and are possibly to reverse with drug withdrawal. We present a rare case of a 75-year-old woman who developed mania during treatment with GC eye drops following cataract surgery.

Impact of surgical case order on epiretinal membrane peeling surgery.

Objective: To determine whether surgical warm-up affects epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling complication rates and surgical case times.

Setting: Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Determining the effect of low-dose isotretinoin on proliferative vitreoretinopathy: the DELIVER trial.

Purpose: To examine the effect of low-dose, oral isotretinoin in lowering the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.

Methods: Prospective, open label, dual-cohort study with pathology-matched historical controls. The prospective experimental arms included two cohorts, composed of 51 eyes with recurrent PVR-related RRD and 58 eyes with primary RRD associated with high-risk features for developing PVR.

Comparison of different settings for yellow subthreshold laser treatment in diabetic macular edema.

Background: To assess the safety and efficacy of two subthreshold parameters (5 and 15% duty cycle (DC)) compared to standard ETDRS (early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study) continuous wave (CW) laser.

Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 30 eyes from 20 patients with non-center involving macular edema were randomized into 3 different groups: 5% DC, 15% DC and CW navigated modified ETDRS laser treatment. Titration in subthreshold groups was performed with 30% of the threshold power, decided with microsecond pulses.

Segmentation errors in macular ganglion cell analysis as determined by optical coherence tomography in eyes with macular pathology.

Background: To evaluate artifacts in macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measurement in eyes with retinal pathology using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of color-coded maps, infrared images and 128 horizontal B-scans (acquired in the macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer scans), using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The study population included 105 eyes with various macular conditions compared to 30 eyes of 30 age-matched healthy volunteers.

Choroidal vascular analysis in myopic eyes: evidence of foveal medium vessel layer thinning.

Purpose: To analyse morphologic features of the choroid in Non-pathological myopic eyes using spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of enhanced depth SD-OCT images of Non-pathological myopic eyes in comparison with age-matched healthy controls was performed. Choroidal thickness (CT) and large choroidal vessel thickness (LCVT) were measured at the fovea, 750 µm nasally from fovea (N) and 750 µm temporally (T) from fovea.

Subfoveal Choroidal Vascularity in Myopia: Evidence From Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background And Objective: To evaluate subfoveal choroidal vascularity in eyes with myopia in comparison to age-matched healthy subjects.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of single foveal enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) scans of 30 eyes with myopia (axial length greater than 25 mm). Subfoveal choroidal vascularity was evaluated by calculating vessel-area-to-stromal-area ratio using a previously validated automated algorithm.

OUTCOMES OF ANTI-VEGF THERAPY IN CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AFTER MACULAR SURGERY.

Purpose: To report treatment outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) presenting after macular surgery.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 7 eyes of 7 patients, who were diagnosed to have CNV after macular surgery and were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Collected data included demographic details; history of present illness; surgical procedure; and clinical examination including visual acuity at presentation and follow-up with imaging and management.

Simultaneous central retinal artery occlusion and optic nerve vasculitis in Crohn disease.

Purpose: To describe a case of Crohn disease presenting as occlusive vasculitis resulting in a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in one eye and transient ischemic optic neuropathy in the fellow eye.

Observations: An 18-year-old patient recently diagnosed with biopsy-proven Crohn disease presented with CRAO OD after a previous episode of transient visual loss OS. Extensive workup was negative for other autoimmune or infectious etiologies.

In Vivo Evidence of Inner Retinal Neurodegeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background And Objective: To investigate the topographic changes in macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Patients And Methods: Forty-five eyes of 25 subjects with RP who underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) were analyzed retrospectively. A control group of 67 eyes of 48 age-matched healthy volunteers was also included for comparison.

Prevalence and Distribution of Segmentation Errors in Macular Ganglion Cell Analysis of Healthy Eyes Using Cirrus HD-OCT.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of different types of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scan artifacts and errors in ganglion cell algorithm (GCA) in healthy eyes.

Methods: Infrared image, color-coded map and each of the 128 horizontal b-scans acquired in the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer scans using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) macular cube 512 × 128 protocol in 30 healthy normal eyes were evaluated. The frequency and pattern of each artifact was determined.

In vivo evaluation of retinal ganglion cells degeneration in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To analyse the topographic changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in eyes with unilateral naive branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in comparison to normal fellow eyes and to healthy control eyes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 66 eyes (33 subjects) with naive unilateral BRVO who underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using Cirrus HD-OCT. We also included 67 eyes of 48 age-matched healthy volunteers as control group.

Neovascular events in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion undergoing serial bevacizumab or ranibizumab intravitreal injections: a retrospective review.

Purpose: To characterize the onset and type of neovascular events in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) undergoing serial anti-VEGF therapy.

Methods: Consecutive eyes undergoing serial intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab injections for treatment of CME secondary to CRVO were identified. Pertinent data was retrospectively collected and included type and onset of the neovascular event, and the treatment free interval from last injection until the neovascular event.

Pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckle versus pars plana vitrectomy alone for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at high risk for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To compare using pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with a scleral buckle versus primary vitrectomy alone in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at high risk for postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: Six hundred and seventy-eight patients were identified from billing data as having rhegmatogenous retinal detachment between April 1, 2010 and August 1, 2012. Patients were considered at high risk for PVR if they presented with retinal detachment in 2 or more quadrants, retinal tears >1 clock hour, preoperative PVR, or vitreous hemorrhage.

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion persisting despite multiple intravitreal bevacizumab injections.

Purpose: To evaluate the response to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema persisting or recurring despite multiple intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatments for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of 21 eyes with CRVO from 21 patients who were diagnosed with persistent or recurrent macular edema secondary to CRVO and treated with 0.1mL (4mg) intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) after initial treatment with 3 or more IVB injections.

Segmental reproducibility of retinal blood flow velocity measurements using retinal function imager.

Background: To evaluate the reproducibility of blood flow velocity measurements of individual retinal blood vessel segments using retinal function imager (RFI).

Methods: Eighteen eyes of 15 healthy subjects were enrolled prospectively at three centers. All subjects underwent RFI imaging in two separate sessions 15 min apart by a single experienced photographer at each center.

Serous macular detachment in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a report of four cases.

Purpose: To describe a series of 4 patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and serous macular detachment, and propose a mechanism for development of subretinal fluid based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: The records of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and OCT documentation of serous macular detachment at Wills Eye Institute were reviewed.

Comparative analysis of the retinal microvasculature visualized with fluorescein angiography and the retinal function imager.

Purpose: To assess the visualization of the retinal microvasculature with intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) compared to the Retinal Function Imager (RFI).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: Seven normal eyes and 26 eyes with various ocular diseases were imaged with both IVFA and the RFI.

Removal of posterior segment retained lens material using the OZil phacoemulsification handpiece versus Fragmatome during pars plana vitrectomy.

Purpose: To assess the utility of the torsional phacoemulsification handpiece compared to the Fragmatome during pars plana vitrectomy for removal of posterior segment retained lens material.

Design: : Retrospective comparative case series.

Methods: Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients at 2 centers who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for retained lens material with either torsional phacoemulsification or the Fragmatome were retrospectively reviewed.