Association of Loneliness With Change in Physical and Emotional Health of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Shutdown.

Objectives: To examine factors influencing loneliness and the effect of loneliness on physical and emotional health, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort.

Setting: Community-dwelling participants.

One-year Medicare costs associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients with and without Alzheimer's disease dementia and related disorders.

Introduction: One-year health-care costs associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have not been examined previously.

Methods: Medicare costs were determined prospectively at discharge, and at 30, 90, and 365 days in a cohort (n = 311) of older adults after hospital admission.

Results: Seventy-six (24%) patients had ADRD and were more likely to develop delirium (51% vs.

Successful aging after elective surgery II: Study design and methods.

Background: The Successful Aging after Elective Surgery (SAGES) II study was designed to increase knowledge of the pathophysiology and linkages between delirium and dementia. We examine novel biomarkers potentially associated with delirium, including inflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and neurodegeneration, neuroimaging markers, and neurophysiologic markers. The goal of this paper is to describe the study design and methods for the SAGES II study.

One-Year Medicare Costs Associated With Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Major Elective Surgery.

Importance: Delirium is a common, serious, and potentially preventable problem for older adults, associated with adverse outcomes. Coupled with its preventable nature, these adverse sequelae make delirium a significant public health concern; understanding its economic costs is important for policy makers and health care leaders to prioritize care.

Objective: To evaluate current 1-year health care costs attributable to postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery.

Delirium in Older Patients With COVID-19 Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Importance: Delirium is common among older emergency department (ED) patients, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and frequently goes unrecognized. Anecdotal evidence has described atypical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in older adults; however, the frequency of and outcomes associated with delirium in older ED patients with COVID-19 infection have not been well described.

Objective: To determine how frequently older adults with COVID-19 present to the ED with delirium and their associated hospital outcomes.

Postoperative Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Overlap and Divergence.

Background: Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction share risk factors and may co-occur, but their relationship is not well established. The primary goals of this study were to describe the prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and to investigate its association with in-hospital delirium. The authors hypothesized that delirium would be a significant risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction during follow-up.

Association Between Hospital Readmission and Acute and Sustained Delays in Functional Recovery During 18 Months After Elective Surgery: The Successful Aging after Elective Surgery Study.

Objectives: To examine the effect of hospital readmission on functional recovery after elective surgery in older adults.

Design: Prospective cohort of individuals aged 70 and older undergoing elective surgery, enrolled from June 2010 to August 2013.

Setting: Two academic medical centers.

Trajectory of Functional Recovery After Postoperative Delirium in Elective Surgery.

Objective: To describe functional recovery after elective surgery and to determine whether improvements differ among individuals who develop delirium.

Background: No large studies of older adults have investigated whether delirium influences the trajectory of functional recovery after elective surgery. The prospective observational study assessed this association among 566 individuals aged 70 years and older.

Neighborhood effects on use of African-American Vernacular English.

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) is systematic, rooted in history, and important as an identity marker and expressive resource for its speakers. In these respects, it resembles other vernacular or nonstandard varieties, like Cockney or Appalachian English. But like them, AAVE can trigger discrimination in the workplace, housing market, and schools.