Enhancing HIV Testing and Treatment among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Pilot Model with Two-Rapid Tests, Single Blood Draw Session, and Intensified Case Management in Six Cities in 2013.

Objectives: To explore models to improve HIV testing, linkage to care and treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) in cooperation with community-based organizations (CBOs) in China.

Methods: We introduced a new model for HIV testing services targeting MSM in six cities in 2013.These models introduced provision of rapid HIV testing by CBO staff and streamlined processes for HIV screening, confirmation of initial reactive screening results, and linkage to care among diagnosed people.

HIV and syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional survey of 61 cities in China.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has rapidly spread among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China in recent years; the magnitude of the epidemic is unclear. We sought to test 3 hypotheses: (1) The prevalence of both HIV and syphilis among MSM in China is high, (2) the 2 epidemics each have unique geographical distributions, and (3) demographic and sexual behavior characteristics are different among segments of the MSM population in China.

Methods: A total of 47 231 MSM from 61 cities in China participated in a cross-sectional survey conducted from February 2008 to September 2009.

Assessing the impact of micronutrient intervention programs implemented under special circumstances--meeting report.

Introduction And Objective: The World Food Programme and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees organized a meeting of experts to discuss evaluation of micronutrient interventions under special circumstances, such as emergency and refugee situations.

Results: Multimicronutrient interventions for groups with higher needs may include home fortification products for young children or supplements for pregnant and lactating women. The choice of preparation should be guided by target group needs, evidence of efficacy of a product or its compounds, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness.

Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The need for prophylactic iron during pregnancy is uncertain.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that administration of a daily iron supplement from enrollment to 28 wk of gestation to initially iron-replete, nonanemic pregnant women would reduce the prevalence of anemia at 28 wk and increase birth weight.

Design: Between June 1995 and September 1998, 513 low-income pregnant women in Cleveland were enrolled in the study before 20 wk of gestation.

Psychiatric side effects of indomethacin in parturients.

Purpose: To examine the central nervous system side effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin in a case-series of obstetric patients.

Methods: The hospital records of patients experiencing any postpartum complication between 1994 and 1999 were reviewed for adverse drug reactions (ADR) attributed to indomethacin. Additional cases of indomethacin-induced adverse effects were identified through reports to the nursing administration and the Saskatchewan ADR reporting program.

The high prevalence of low hemoglobin concentration among Indonesian infants aged 3-5 months is related to maternal anemia.

Iron deficiency anemia among young children is a large health problem. However, there is little information about the prevalence of anemia among young infants because it has been assumed that normal, breast-fed infants have adequate iron stores until 4-6 mo of age. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the HKI/GOI Nutrition and Health Surveillance System in rural Java, Indonesia from Sept.

Iron supplementation: country level experiences and lessons learned.

Iron supplementation is a commonly used strategy to meet the increased requirements of at-risk groups, such as women of childbearing age, especially during pregnancy. Other at-risk groups for which iron supplementation may be appropriate include infants, young children, adolescents and the elderly. There is a need to consider iron supplementation as part of a comprehensive strategy for the prevention of iron deficiency, and not just as a treatment for anemia that is stopped as soon as clinical improvement is noted.

Experiences and challenges in developing countries.

Compared with the industrialized nations, the challenges of combating iron (Fe) deficiency in developing countries include the far greater magnitude of the problem, the more limited resources and the more complex nature of the setting. The two groups most affected by Fe deficiency are young children and women of reproductive age. Infant diets in developing countries are low in iron, due to less use of industry prepared foods and much lower consumption of food from animal sources.

Experiences and challenges in industrialized countries: control of iron deficiency in industrialized countries.

This paper provides a synopsis of the experience in combating iron deficiency in industrialized countries and identifies the reasons for the considerable success and future challenges. Significant progress has been made over the last century in reducing and even eliminating iron deficiency in many industrialized countries. Current estimates are that the prevalence of iron deficiency has declined to <20% in many of these countries, even among women and young children, compared with 30 to 70% in many developing countries.

Prevention and control of iron deficiency: policy and strategy issues.

Substantial efforts have been made in the past several decades to implement programs to reduce iron deficiency. Yet, compared with other micronutrients such as vitamin A and iodine, overall progress in reducing iron deficiency has been limited. Such limited progress is not attributed to a lack of scientific knowledge about the prevalence, causes or consequences of iron deficiency, but to limited implementation of effective interventions and ineffective communication tools.