Description of a new specimen of Haplocanthosaurus from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry.

A new specimen of Haplocanthosaurus is described based on bones excavated from the Late Jurassic Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry near Delta, Colorado. The specimen consists of seven dorsal vertebrae and a right tibia and is identified as Haplocanthosaurus based on the dorsally angled transverse processes, tall neural arch peduncles, low parapophyses relative to the diapophyses in the posterior dorsal vertebrae, and the robustness of the tibia combined with a greatly expanded distal articular surface. The discovery adds to our understanding of the biostratigraphy of Haplocanthosaurus, showing this genus is definitively present in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, and making this individual the geologically youngest Haplocanthosaurus specimen on the Colorado Plateau.

Evaluation of Canine Shoulder Arthroscopy for Anatomical and Safety Considerations.

Introduction:  Arthroscopy is a well-established diagnostic modality for various orthopaedic conditions in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship of canine shoulder arthroscopy portals to major muscular, ligamentous, and neurovascular structures for anatomical and safety considerations.

Materials And Methods:  Arthroscopic exploration of 20 adult canine cadaver shoulders was performed.

A review of venipuncture sites in Alligator mississippiensis with anatomical description of a novel venipuncture site.

Here we describe and illustrate the sites of venipuncture in the alligator using CT reconstructions, cross-sectional anatomy, and traditional dissection. We also describe the clinical approach for each venipuncture site and describe a novel site for venipuncture in crocodilians, the lateral occipital sinus. Based on the authors' experience, the lateral occipital sinuses offer the safest, simplest, and most consistent access for venipuncture in the alligator.

Partial parotid sialoadenectomy in a horse with parotid ductal carcinoma: Surgical description and case report.

Objectives: To describe the surgical findings, histopathological features, and long-term outcome for a horse with parotid salivary carcinoma.

Study Design: Case report ANIMALS: Twelve year old American Quarter Horse gelding.

Methods: The gelding was presented for a 10 × 10 cm swelling below the base of the right ear.

3D Printing for veterinary anatomy: An overview.

Many applications for 3D printing have appeared in the field of veterinary medicine, including many opportunities to use 3D-printed models in anatomical teaching. Here, we present background information on the basic types of 3D printers as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type. We discuss methods for obtaining 3D models which can range from downloading of models to primary collection of data from CT and MRI data sets or even generating models using 3D modelling software.

Digital dissection and three-dimensional interactive models of limb musculature in the Australian estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).

Digital dissection is a relatively new technique that has enabled scientists to gain a better understanding of vertebrate anatomy. It can be used to rapidly disseminate detailed, three-dimensional information in an easily accessible manner that reduces the need for destructive, traditional dissections. Here we present the results of a digital dissection on the appendicular musculature of the Australian estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).

Invited review--Applications for 3D printers in veterinary medicine.

Recent technological advances in 3D printing have resulted in increased use of this technology in human medicine, and decreasing cost is making it more affordable for veterinary use. Rapid prototyping is at its early stage in veterinary medicine but clinical, educational, and experimental possibilities exist. Techniques and applications, both current and future, are explored and illustrated in this article.

What lies beneath: sub-articular long bone shape scaling in eutherian mammals and saurischian dinosaurs suggests different locomotor adaptations for gigantism.

Eutherian mammals and saurischian dinosaurs both evolved lineages of huge terrestrial herbivores. Although significantly more saurischian dinosaurs were giants than eutherians, the long bones of both taxa scale similarly and suggest that locomotion was dynamically similar. However, articular cartilage is thin in eutherian mammals but thick in saurischian dinosaurs, differences that could have contributed to, or limited, how frequently gigantism evolved.

Calcified cartilage shape in archosaur long bones reflects overlying joint shape in stress-bearing elements: Implications for nonavian dinosaur locomotion.

In nonavian dinosaur long bones, the once-living chondroepiphysis (joint surface) overlay a now-fossilized calcified cartilage zone. Although the shape of this zone is used to infer nonavian dinosaur locomotion, it remains unclear how much it reflects chondroepiphysis shape. We tested the hypothesis that calcified cartilage shape reflects the overlying chondroepiphysis in extant archosaurs.