Management of corneal neovascularization: Current and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a sight-threatening condition affecting an estimated 1.4 million people per year, and the incidence is expected to rise. It is a complication of corneal pathological diseases such as infective keratitis, chemical burn, corneal limbal stem cell deficiency, mechanical trauma, and immunological rejection after keratoplasties.

A Review of Contact Lens-Induced Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency.

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a pathologic condition caused by the dysfunction and destruction of stem cells, stem cell precursors and limbal cell niche in the corneal epithelium, leading to severe conjunctivalization of the cornea. Etiologies for LSCD span from congenital (aniridia), traumatic (chemical or thermal injuries), autoimmune (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and iatrogenic disease to contact lens (CL) wear. Of these, CL wear is the least understood and is often a subclinical cause of LSCD.

The Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN).

The rise of primary topical monotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs and immunomodulatory agents represents an increasing recognition of the medical management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), which may replace surgery as the standard of care in the future. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the best way to manage OSSN with no existing guidelines to date. This paper seeks to evaluate evidence surrounding available treatment modalities and proposes an approach to management.

Relationship between Postoperative Intraocular Pressure and Refractive Outcomes in Patients after Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To study the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on refractive outcomes after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods: This retrospective study included eyes which underwent DALK. DALK technique involved either modified Anwar big-bubble if possible or manual anterior lamellar dissection.

Corneal Cross-Linking: The Evolution of Treatment for Corneal Diseases.

Corneal cross-linking (CXL) using riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) light has become a useful treatment option for not only corneal ectasias, such as keratoconus, but also a number of other corneal diseases. Riboflavin is a photoactivated chromophore that plays an integral role in facilitating collagen crosslinking. Modifications to its formulation and administration have been proposed to overcome shortcomings of the original epithelium-off Dresden CXL protocol and increase its applicability across various clinical scenarios.

Impact of fibrin glue versus suture closure on double-headed pterygia in Asian eyes - a 7-year study in a tertiary institution.

Background: To compare the recurrence rate and outcomes of double-headed pterygia using fibrin glue versus suture closure of conjunctival autograft.

Methods: All patients with double-headed pterygia who underwent pterygia excision with conjunctival autograft from January 2012 to January 2019 in the National University Hospital of Singapore were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether fibrin glue or sutures were used to secure the conjunctival autograft in place.

Three-year outcomes of Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with pre-existing glaucoma drainage devices.

Background: Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) is the most common procedure for corneal transplantation. The effect of a pre-existing glaucoma drainage device on long-term surgical outcomes is uncertain.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all DSEK cases at an academic hospital over a 10-year period was conducted.

Disease patterns of microbial keratitis in Singapore: A retrospective case series.

Purpose: To investigate the disease patterns of Microbial Keratitis(MK) in patients seen in a tertiary referral hospital, to evaluate the clinical outcomes of MK and the risk factors for poorer visual outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of all culture-positive corneal scrapings between April 2012 and October 2016. A total of 230 patients(n = 230) were included into this study.

Comparing Outcomes of Phacoemulsification With Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Patients With Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy.

Purpose: To compare the outcome in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) who underwent standard phacoemulsification vs femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in the treatment of visually significant cataracts.

Design: Retrospective, comparative, interventional case series.

Methods: Patient or Study Population: Between April 2013 and December 2016, 140 FED eyes with cataracts of all densities were included.

Optical and Tectonic Corneal Transplant Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Singapore within the Singapore Corneal Transplant Registry.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe and compare corneal graft survival and optical outcomes following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) with penetrating keratoplasty (PK), and to document tectonic success of patch grafts.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective, non-randomised, comparative and descriptive cohort study. A total of 139 eyes that underwent primary keratoplasty between 2000 and 2016 were included, and the following data was extracted: demographics, clinical diagnosis and primary indication, pre- and intraoperative risk factors, postkeratoplasty outcomes, and complications.

Surgical treatment outcome of medically refractory huge giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To compare the surgical outcome of excision of giant papillae with and without amniotic membrane in a patient with bilateral medically refractory giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC).

Observations: 27-year-old Chinese lady presented with bilateral itchy eyes, discomfort and fullness of upper lids for past two years. She was a long-term contact lens user but stopped completely 2 years ago.

Microbial characteristics of post-traumatic infective keratitis.

Purpose: To determine the demographics, risk factors, clinical and microbiological characteristics, and treatment outcome of post-traumatic infective keratitis.

Methods: Consecutive patients with post-traumatic infective keratitis presenting to the Ophthalmology Department of a tertiary referral hospital in Singapore between March 2012 and March 2016 were prospectively identified. A standardized data collection form was used to document patient demographics, microbiological diagnosis, antibiotic sensitivity, and pretreatment and posttreatment ocular characteristics.

Bilateral simultaneous infective keratitis.

Aim: To analyze the demographics, risk factors, clinical and microbiological characteristics of cases of bilateral simultaneous infective keratitis.

Methods: In this retrospective case series, patients with clinical evidence of bilateral simultaneous infective keratitis were identified from January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2016. Demographics, risk factors, clinical and microbiological characteristics, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Keratectasia After Presbyopia Treatment With INTRACOR.

Purpose: To report a case of keratectasis of a patient underwent INTRACOR presbyopic treatment 5 years ago.

Methods: Case Report.

Results: Fifty-eight-year-old gentleman had presented with deteriorating vision in his left eye.

Triple infection keratitis.

Objective: To analyze the demographics, risk factors, and clinical and microbiological characteristics of triple infection keratitis.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Five patients (five eyes) with triple infection keratitis were identified.

Polymicrobial versus monomicrobial keratitis: a retrospective comparative study.

Objectives: To compare the risk factors, clinical characteristics, microbiological profile, and treatment outcomes of polymicrobial versus monomicrobial keratitis.

Methods: In this retrospective comparative case series, eyes with polymicrobial and monomicrobial keratitis were identified from microbiological records at a tertiary academic referral center, from January 2002 to December 2010. Only culture positive cases were included.

A rare polymicrobial keratitis involving Chryseobacterium meningosepticum and Delftia acidovorans in a cosmetic contact lens wearer.

Objective: To report an unusual case of keratitis in a cosmetic contact lens wearer caused by two rare organisms.

Method: Case report.

Results: A 14-year-old cosmetic contact lens user presented with a paracentral corneal ulcer in her right eye.

Results of laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia of -10 to -19 diopters with a Technolas 217 laser.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correcting myopia greater than -10.00 D.

Methods: Sixty-five eyes of 37 patients with myopia greater than -10.

Intraoperative arcuate transverse keratotomy with phacoemulsification.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of paired intraoperative arcuate transverse keratotomy at a 7-mm-diameter zone along with a 3.5-mm clear corneal phaco tunnel in the steeper axis to correct pre-existing astigmatism.

Methods: A prospective randomized case-control study was conducted on 34 eyes of 28 patients with immature senile cataract.

Presumed epithelial inclusion cyst of the iris seven years after radial keratotomy.

Purpose: To report a case of presumed epithelial inclusion cyst of the iris 7 years after radial keratotomy (RK) that was treated with double-frequency Nd:YAG laser (532 nm).

Methods: A young adult woman underwent bilateral RK for the correction of myopia of -4.50 Diopters 7 years prior to the development of a white mass in the anterior chamber of her left eye.

Therapeutic keratoplasty for infectious keratitis: a review of the literature.

Purpose: This article provides a review of the literature on various aspects of therapeutic keratoplasty, including indications, techniques, complications and outcome, and its application in cases of infectious keratitis.

Methods: Various articles on therapeutic keratoplasty (including English- and non-English-language publications) were analyzed. Selection of the articles was based on a Medline search for articles using the key words therapeutic keratoplasty, penetrating keratoplasty, therapeutic keratoplasty for infectious keratitis, non-healing corneal ulcer, microbial keratitis, and perforated corneal ulcer.