Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous cefazolin as an alternative to intravenous administration.

Background: Subcutaneous (SC) administration of antibiotics is a practical alternative to IV administration. Cefazolin is widely used for skin and soft tissue infections and other complex infections by IV administration.

Methods: In this prospective, cross-over self-controlled study, a single dose of SC cefazolin was administered to 15 stable inpatients established on IV cefazolin as part of their management plan.

Temperature Excursions in Cold Chain Management-Assessing the Accuracy of Refrigerator Temperature Probes.

Medications requiring refrigeration for stability are commonly used across hospitals. Temperature-sensitive medications may not have their temperature requirements maintained due to breaches in the cold chain, especially refrigerator failure. This is usually caused by malfunction of the refrigerator unit or by power outage.

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous meropenem as an alternative to intravenous administration.

Background: Subcutaneous delivery of antibiotics is a practical alternative to IV administration. Meropenem is commonly used to treat infections caused by resistant Gram-negative organisms.

Methods: This was a prospective, crossover self-controlled study in 11 stable inpatients established on meropenem.

Longer-term compliance benefits of oncology-specific smart pump drug error reduction systems.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Adult penicillin allergy programmes in Australian hospitals: a practical guide from the National Antibiotic Allergy Network.

Penicillin allergy is a significant burden on patient, prescribing and hospital outcomes. There has been increasing interest in the incorporation of penicillin allergy testing (i.e.

Safety of intramuscular tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Evusheld) administration in patients at risk of iatrogenic haematoma due to haematological disorders.

Introduction: Traditionally, intramuscular (IM) injections have been avoided in patients with haematological diseases due to the risk of iatrogenic haematoma. Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Evusheld) is a novel monoclonal antibody combination used as preexposure prophylaxis against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for those at highest risk of severe infections. It is delivered as two separate IM injections (1.

The pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir during prolonged intermittent kidney replacement therapy in a cardiac transplant recipient.

Ganciclovir, a guanine analogue, is used intravenously (IV) first-line for the prophylaxis and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in solid organ transplant recipients. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of ganciclovir are highly variable, with myelosuppression occurring at high concentrations. Ganciclovir is primarily renally excreted as the parent compound, and clearance is significantly reduced in renal impairment.

Physiological and muscle histochemical assessment of men and women 10 km runners matched for race performance or training volume.

Women have a disadvantage for performance in long-distance running compared with men. To elaborate on inherent characteristics, 12 subelite women were matched with 12 men for training volume (M-Tm) (56.6 ± 18 vs.

The Western Australian experience of COVID-19 after the borders reopened: evaluation of public health modelling predictions.

Background: Western Australia (WA) serves as a unique global case study on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on an isolated, prepared and highly vaccinated population. This study builds upon the study performed by House et al. through an extended data set.

Deep learning estimation of northern hemisphere soil freeze-thaw dynamics using satellite multi-frequency microwave brightness temperature observations.

Satellite microwave sensors are well suited for monitoring landscape freeze-thaw (FT) transitions owing to the strong brightness temperature (TB) or backscatter response to changes in liquid water abundance between predominantly frozen and thawed conditions. The FT retrieval is also a sensitive climate indicator with strong biophysical importance. However, retrieval algorithms can have difficulty distinguishing the FT status of soils from that of overlying features such as snow and vegetation, while variable land conditions can also degrade performance.

Exploring the advancements of Australian OPAT.

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in Australia has evolved from modest beginnings to a well-established health service with proven benefits in patient outcomes. This is a comprehensive review of the current state of art Australian OPAT with vignettes of the types of OPAT models of care, antimicrobial prescribing and antimicrobial use. In addition, we highlight the similarities and differences between OPAT to other countries and describe Australian OPAT experiences with COVID-19 and paediatrics.

The unique COVID-19 experience in Western Australia: lessons learnt.

Background: Western Australia (WA) was in a unique position to experience coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a highly vaccinated and geographically isolated population.

Aim: To describe the COVID-19 Omicron experience at the only quaternary hospital in WA following border opening from 3 March to 11 May 2022.

Participants: A total of 158 adults with microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to the respiratory or intensive care unit (ICU).

A survey of operating theatre staff on the impact of automated medication dispensing systems in operating theatres in an Australian hospital.

There is a lack of published literature investigating the impact of anaesthesia-specific automated medication dispensing systems on theatre staff. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of theatre staff from multiple disciplines on their experience using anaesthesia stations three years after implementation at our Western Australian quaternary hospital institution. A web-based survey was distributed to 440 theatre staff, which included consultant anaesthetists, anaesthetic trainees, nurses, anaesthetic technicians and pharmacists, and 118 responses were received (response rate 26.

Recommendations for Medical Discharge Documentation and Academic Supports for University Students Recovering From Concussion.

Objective: This study sought to (1) collate the experiences of university students with concussion history and academic stakeholders through interviews and (2) develop concussion management recommendations for institutions of higher learning using a multidisciplinary Delphi procedure.

Setting: Remote semistructured interviews and online surveys.

Participants: The first aim of this study included undergraduate university students with concussion history who did not participate in varsity athletics ( n = 21; 57.

Modeling Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Carbon Loading to Western Arctic Rivers.

The mobilization and land-to-ocean transfer of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Arctic watersheds is intricately linked with the region's climate and water cycle, and furthermore at risk of changes from climate warming and associated impacts. This study quantifies model-simulated estimates of runoff, surface and active layer leachate DOC concentrations and loadings to western Arctic rivers, specifically for basins that drain into coastal waters between and including the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers. Model validation leverages data from other field measurements, synthesis studies, and modeling efforts.

Intravesical hyaluronic acid with chondroitin sulphate to prevent urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury.

Context/objective: Prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) after spinal cord injury is an important goal. Intravesical hyaluronic acid with chondroitin sulphate (HA+CS) has been effective in preventing UTI in other settings. We aimed to demonstrate safety and feasibility of a standard treatment course of 7 intravesical HA+CS instillations over 12 weeks, in patients with acute (Arm A) and chronic (Arm B) spinal cord injury (SCI).

Navigating the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: federal versus state government funding for high-cost medicines – a problem for public hospitals.

The funding of medication supply in Australian public hospitals is divided between the federal government's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and thestate or territory government who pay for the remaining medications not covered under the PBS. For some high-cost medications, such as the monoclonal antibody blinatumomab, the current criteria for PBS funding in public hospitals are challenging. The strict requirement for inpatient admission, due to the risk of potentially serious adverse effects, alongside a lack of PBS reimbursement, while a hospital inpatient, may result in the state bearing the cost.

Financial impact of sheeppox and goatpox and estimated profitability of vaccination for subsistence farmers in selected northern states of Nigeria.

Sheeppox and goatpox (SGP) are important transboundary diseases, endemic in Nigeria, causing severe clinical manifestations, impacting production, and resulting in economic losses. Vaccination is an effective control measure against SGP in endemic countries but is not currently implemented in Nigeria. This study aimed to estimate SGP financial impact and assess economic viability of SGP vaccination at the herd and regional level under different scenarios in Northern Nigeria.