Viral Myositis Secondary to Influenza A in a Preschool Child in Saudi Arabia: A Case Report.

Infective myositis is a rare complication of viral infection, occurring most commonly in children. Here, we present the first case report in Saudi Arabia that describes a four-year-old healthy female who presented to the emergency department with a history of fever associated with coryzal symptoms for four days and a one-day history of bilateral lower limb pain and an inability to walk without assistance. Lower limb pain was not associated with joint pain, swelling, or skin rashes.

A Novel Mutation in the NAGLU (N-Acetyl-Alpha-Glucosaminidase) Gene Associated With Mucopolysaccharidosis Type III-B in a Saudi Girl.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III-B (MPS III), also known as Sanfilippo syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease that primarily affects the brain and spinal cord. In this report, we describe the case of an eight-year-old female child who presented to the emergency room with an asthma exacerbation. She had coarse facial features, thick eyebrows, deep-seated eyes, thinning coarse hair, and macrocephaly.

A Case Report of Rickets Due to Severe Nutritional Deficiencies.

A 19-month-old boy presented to the general pediatric clinic with delayed development and multiple nutritional deficiencies, after being exclusively breastfed up to the age of nine months without vitamin D supplementation. Upon examination, imaging studies, and lab tests, the patient was diagnosed with nutritional rickets. The management included supplementation of cholecalciferol, ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, and multivitamin drops to support his diet, and was encouraged to follow a healthy balanced diet.

A Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a Three-Year-Old Boy.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is being recognized in pediatric patients with COVID-19 since mid-2020. Usually, children with MIS-C have systemic symptoms that develop after an infection with SARS-CoV-2, these symptoms can be unremitting fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin rashes, conjunctivitis, cardiac or CNS involvement, and shock. We report a case of a three-year-old boy medically free with no prenatal or postnatal abnormalities who presented with three days history of fever and diarrhea.

Early-Age Manifestation of Singleton Merten Syndrome With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Features: A Case Report.

Singleton Merten syndrome (SMS) is one of the rarest multisystem genetic disorders that had been recognized in only a few cases. Patients who have this syndrome often present with calcification of the aorta and heart valves, dental dysplasia, joint calcification, distinct facial features, and growth and developmental delay. Other physical findings usually associated with SMS may include glaucoma, skeletal abnormalities including tendon rupture, muscle weakness, and arthropathy.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) With Hematological Manifestations: A Case Report.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new emerging severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that recently has been recognized in April 2020 in the United States and the United Kingdom. MIS-C is an uncommon condition that mainly affects children who previously had a COVID-19 infection, and it can have serious outcomes if left untreated properly. The full clinical spectrum of this disease is yet not fully determined or understood.

A Case of Mild Trichohepatoenteric Syndrome With New Variant Mutation in SKIV2L Gene: Case Report.

Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by severe early onset diarrhea, woolly and brittle hair, immunodeficiency, and liver disease. A mutation in either  or  genes can cause the disease. We report a case of a 41-month-old girl who suffered from intractable watery diarrhea, hair abnormality, dysmorphic features, and poor weight gain.

Natural Killer Cell Deficiency in Neuroblastoma Amplified Sequence Gene Mutation.

Natural killer cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when decreased levels of such cells lead to major immunological deficiency in the patient. NK cells participate in tumor cell surveillance, viral infections, and immunoregulation in the body. We report a case of a nine-year-old female child, a known case of neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS) gene mutation in the variant c.

A Six-Year-Old Child With Mosaic Trisomy 13.

Trisomy 13 was first described by Patau in 1960. It is a rare genetic disease caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 13. Mosaic trisomy 13 happens when a percentage of the cells are trisomic for chromosome 13, while the remaining cells are euploid.

Herpes Zoster Eruption in an Otherwise Healthy Child: A Case Report.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV; human herpesvirus 3) is a herpesvirus that causes infection in humans. The reactivation of latent VZV manifests as herpes zoster or shingles. In immunocompetent children, reactivation is rare, as increasing age is the most common risk factor for reactivation.

Epstein-Barr virus associated with high-grade B-cell lymphoma in nude severe combined immunodeficiency.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an extremely rare disease caused by a disruption in the forkhead box N1 () gene, with an incidence of <1 per 1 000 000 live births. We report a boy aged 4 months who presented with a history of fever for 3 weeks and enlarged lymph nodes. The fever was associated with dry cough and runny nose.

Cesarean Section and Development of Childhood Bronchial Asthma: Is There A Risk?

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that results from complex interactions between multiple environmental and genetic influences. In recent years, studies have observed an increase in caesarean section rates, and have suggested a strong association with the rapid increase in the incidence of childhood asthma that cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. In this case-control study, we investigate the association between the developments of childhood asthma with the mode of delivery.