Publications by authors named "Rawat P"

Impaired insulin receptor signaling is strongly linked to obesity-related metabolic conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exact mechanisms behind impaired insulin receptor (INSR) signaling in obesity induced by a high-fat diet remain elusive. In this study, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32), as a key regulator of hepatic insulin signaling that targets the insulin receptor (INSR) for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in high-fat diet (HFD) mice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The pristine Himalayas are sensitive to pollutants from different source regions, including its foothills that have adverse effects on air quality and climate. Despite this, there are no observations of aromatic hydrocarbons in the central Himalayas. Thus, online observations of aromatics (C-C, defined here as BTEX) were conducted for the first time at the mountain site (Nainital, 1958 m) in the central Himalayas during January 2017-December 2022 period.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has re-emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly during the widespread outbreak of 2022. As an orthopoxvirus related to the eradicated smallpox virus, mpox has been primarily managed with smallpox vaccines and treatments, including the antiviral agent Tecovirimat. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tecovirimat in treating mpox, focusing on its use during the 2022 outbreak, especially among high-risk populations, including men who have sex with men and people living with HIV.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Swedish physician and anatomist Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark (1929-2014), often known as Sir Brånemark, discovered the osseointegration phenomenon that revolutionized the dental implantology field. Even though he was an orthopedic surgeon, Sir Brånemark's groundbreaking contributions to dentistry in the form of the Brånemark System of dental implants established the groundwork for modern fixed prosthodontics. The dental community still values his efforts today.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Polymer photonics is receiving significant attention due to its potential for a wide range of integrated photonic applications and wide wavelength transparency. Wafer-scale testing is challenging due to low-index contrast in polymer waveguides. In this Letter, we demonstrate an amorphous silicon based out-of-plane polymer waveguide grating coupler.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers designed new drug candidates by hybridizing two pharmacophoric systems, leading to the creation of novel molecules (1K1-1K5) using a multi-step synthesis method.
  • * The new compounds showed promising effectiveness in inhibiting MERTK, particularly IK5, which had low IC values against various cancer cell lines, and demonstrated good stability and clearance profiles for further testing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The StAR protein plays a crucial role in the initial steps of neuro/steroid production, which is important for hormone balance especially as we age.
  • Aging leads to changes in the immune system and decreases in neurosteroids, increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly in women.
  • Research shows that alterations in StAR levels and neurosteroid production are linked to AD pathology, highlighting the potential for retinoid signaling as a therapeutic target for improving brain health and reducing dementia risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Thiophene is a privileged pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry owing to its diversified biological attributes. The thiophene moiety has been ranked 4th in the US FDA drug approval of small drug molecules, with around 7 drug approvals over the last decade. The present review covers USFDA-approved drugs possessing a thiophene ring system.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The term limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) refers to a variety of genetic neuromuscular disorders that typically affect the proximal muscles surrounding the hip and shoulder girdles. Despite having multiple genetic subtypes, these share similar clinical and imaging findings. Autosomal dominant forms are grouped under type 1, and autosomal recessive forms are grouped under type 2.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is one of the deadliest cancers for women, with a low survival rate, no early detection biomarkers, a high rate of recurrence, and few therapeutic options. Forskolin, an activator of cyclic AMP signaling, has several anticancer activities, including against HGSOC, but has limited use in vivo. Its water-soluble derivative, colforsin daropate, has the same mechanism of action as forskolin and is used to treat acute heart failure.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • E-cigarettes are becoming popular as a way for people to quit smoking, but there are concerns about their use alongside traditional cigarettes, particularly among pregnant women, who may face increased health risks.
  • A systematic review analyzed data from 18 studies involving nearly 6 million pregnant women, finding that 4.6% of them reported using both e-cigarettes and traditional tobacco.
  • The findings suggest that dual use is a significant health issue, highlighting the need for further research and public health measures to inform and protect pregnant women from the risks of tobacco.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In the present work, a comparative study on eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) sample 1 and sample 2 with 3.17 and 4.17 M NaOH, respectively, is reported.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with increased prevalence in individuals with chronic liver conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown promise in diabetes management and may influence liver disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in reducing the risk of HCC in patients with T2DM.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Malaria continues to be a critical public health concern in India, predominantly driven by complex interplays of ecological, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.

Methods: This study aimed to assess the association between climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) and malaria incidence across India from 2010 to 2019, utilizing data from the Global Historical Weather and Climate Data for climate metrics and the Global Burden of Disease Study for malaria incidence rates. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) with a Poisson distribution were employed to analyze the data, adjusting for socio-economic status, as indexed by the Human Development Index (HDI).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease that can severely impact oral and overall health, and while traditional smoking is a known risk factor, the effect of e-cigarettes on gum health is not well understood.
  • This systematic review analyzed data from twelve studies comparing periodontal outcomes between e-cigarette users and non-users, noting that e-cigarette users had a significantly lower bleeding on probing (BOP) score.
  • The research suggests no strong evidence linking e-cigarette use to major negative impacts on periodontal health, but further comprehensive studies are needed to assess long-term effects and clarify any potential risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In the quest to identify new anti-Alzheimer agents, we employed drug repositioning or drug repositioning techniques on approved USFDA small molecules. Herein, we report the structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) of 1880 USFDA-approved drugs. The -based identification was followed by calculating Prime MMGB-SA binding energy and molecular dynamics simulation studies.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, can be reconstituted by surrogate cells - a process termed "microglia replacement." To expand the microglia replacement toolkit, we here introduce estrogen-regulated (ER) homeobox B8 (Hoxb8) conditionally immortalized macrophages, a cell model for generation of immune cells from murine bone marrow, as a versatile model for microglia replacement. We find that ER-Hoxb8 macrophages are highly comparable to primary bone marrow-derived (BMD) macrophages in vitro, and, when transplanted into a microglia-free brain, engraft the parenchyma and differentiate into microglia-like cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In this research work, optimized nebivolol-loaded lecithin-chitosan hybrid nanoparticles (NEB-LCNPs) were prepared using sequential screening and optimization designs. The design of experiments software (DoE) was used to obtain a robust formulation that can improve ocular delivery of the NEB in the treatment of glaucoma. The optimized NEB-LCNPs had a mean particle size of 170.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Dengue fever is a serious disease that can lead to a problem called Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which can make people very sick and raise healthcare costs.
  • This study looked at different research to find out what makes someone more likely to get AKI if they have dengue, so doctors can catch it early and help patients better.
  • The researchers found that factors like severe dengue, being male, having diabetes, and other health issues increase the chances of getting AKI, showing the need for better screening and treatment for those at higher risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Ophthalmic diseases include a wide array of conditions, each requiring individualized treatment approaches. In ophthalmic research and as therapeutics against potential pharmacological indications, several subtypes of exosomes (EVs) have been reconnoitered, mainly for their regenerative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. EVs are recently gaining wider attention as promising vehicles for therapies because of their natural participation in communication between cells and targeted delivery.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Serotonin, a neurotransmitter produced from tryptophan, plays multiple roles in regulating bodily functions like sleep, appetite, and anxiety, and is linked to Alzheimer's disease and various psychiatric disorders.
  • It helps neurons to develop and adapt, and recent studies show that serotonin is also found in immune cells, influencing intracellular processes through protein modifications.
  • The article reviews the history and recent findings on serotonin's impact on depression, aging, and neurological diseases, focusing on its biological functions and potential therapeutic strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background This study aimed to analyze the combined effect of neural mobilization along with cervical stabilization exercises on pain and cervical range of motion in unilateral cervical radiculopathy patients. Methodology A total of 30 patients aged 30-45 years with unilateral cervical radiculopathy were randomly divided into the following two groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group received neural mobilization along with cervical stabilization exercises, while the control group received conventional treatment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB), a 3rd-generation beta-blocker, was recently explored in managing open-angle glaucoma due to its mechanism of action involving nitric oxide release for the vasodilation. To overcome the issue of low ocular bioavailability and the systemic side effects associated with conventional ocular formulation (aqueous suspension), we designed and optimized polycaprolactone polymeric nanoparticles (NEB-PNPs) by applying design of experiments (DoE). The particle size and drug loading of the optimized NEB-PNPs were 270.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Globally, among numerous cancer subtypes, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer affecting the female population. A female's family history significantly increases her risk of developing breast cancer. BC is caused by aberrant breast cells that proliferate and develop into tumors.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF